Species distributions are constantly in flux. Biological and physical factors continually influence the rates of range expansions and contractions, altering the distribution of species in space and through time (MacArthur 1972; Brown 1995; Brown et al. 1996). Ranges expand as individuals colonize new areas and contract as populations become locally extinct. Understanding how organisms respond to environmental changes and describing the underlying mechanisms are key research components in the fields of ecology and biogeography. Knowing where populations occur—and where they are absent—provides insights into the ecological and physical factors that regulate patterns of density and distribution (see also Chap. 2, Carlton).
Historically, biological responses were due to natural processes and often occurred over long (geological) time scales. More recently, anthropogenic (i.e. human-mediated) processes have played an increasingly important role in driving patterns of density and distribution. In this chapter I will present biological invasions in the context of geographic range shifts, explore range shifts due to natural, anthropogenic, and artificial processes, and consider how climate change is already affecting species distributions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barry JP, Baxter CH, Sagarin RD, Gilman SE (1995) Climate-related, long-term faunal changes in a California rocky intertidal community. Science 267:672–675
Beaugrand G, Reid PC (2003) Long-term changes in phytoplankton, zooplankton and salmon related to climate. Global Change Biol 9:801–817
Beaugrand G, Reid PC, Ibañez F, Lindley JA, Edwards M (2002) Reorganization of North Atlantic marine copepod biodiversity and climate. Science 296:1692–1694
Bertsch H, Campillo OA, Arreola JL (2000) New distributional records of opisthobranchs from the Punta Eugenia region of the Baja California peninsula: a report based on 1997–1998 CONABIO-sponsored expeditions. Festivus 32:99–104
Brown JH (1995) Macroecology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
Brown JH, Kodric-Brown A (1977) Turnover rates in insular biogeography: effect of immigration on extinction. Ecology 58:445–448
Brown JH, Stevens GC, Kaufman DM (1996) The geographic range: size, shape, boundaries and internal structure. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 27:597–623
Carlton JT (2000) Global change and biological invasions in the oceans. In:Mooney HA, Hobbs RJ (eds) Invasive species in a changing world. Island Press, Washington D.C., pp 31–53
Chavez FP, Strutton PG, Friederich GE, Feely RA, Feldman GC, Foley DG, McPhaden ML (1999) Biological and chemical response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to the 1997–98 El Niño. Science 286:2126–2131
Chavez FP, Ryan J, Lluch-Cota SE, Niquen M (2003) From anchovies to sardines and back: multidecadal change in the Pacific Ocean. Science 299:217–221
Cohen AN, Carlton JT (1998) Accelerating invasion rate in a highly invaded estuary. Science 279:555–558
Culver CS, Kuris AM (2000) The apparent eradication of a locally established introduced marine pest. Biol Invas 2:245–253
Edwards MS, Hernández-Carmona G (2005) Delayed recovery of the giant kelp near its southern range limit in the North Pacific following El Niño. Mar Biol 147:273–279
Engle JM, Richards DV (2001) New and unusual marine invertebrates discovered at the California Channel Islands during the 1997–1998 El Niño. Bull South Calif Acad Sci 100:186–198
Gaston KJ (1994) Measuring geographic range sizes. Ecography 17:198–205
Gaston KJ (1996) Species-range-size distributions: patterns, mechanisms and implications. Trend Ecol Evol 11:197–201
Gaston KJ (2003) The structure and dynamics of geographic ranges. Oxford University Press, New York
Gilman S (2005) A test of Brown's principle in the intertidal limpet Collisella scabra (Gould, 1846). J Biogeogr 32:1583–1589
Glynn PW (1961) The first recorded mass stranding of pelagic red crabs, Pleuroncodes planipes, at Monterey Bay, California, since 1859, with notes on their biology. Calif Fish Game 47:97–101
Graham RW, Grimm EC (1990) Effects of global climate change on the patterns of terrestrial biological communities. Trend Ecol Evol 5:289–292
Harley CDG, Hughes AR, Hultgren KM, Miner BG, Sorte CJB, Thornber CS, Rodriguez LF, Tomanek L, Williams SL (2006) The impacts of climate change in coastal marine systems. Ecol Lett 9:228–241
Hays GC, Richardson AJ, Robinson C (2005) Climate change and marine plankton. Trend Ecol Evol 20:337–344
Helmuth B, Mieszkowska N, Moore P, Hawkins SJ (2006) Living on the edge of two changing worlds: forecasting the responses of rocky intertidal ecosystems to climate change. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 37:373–404
Holbrook SJ, Schmitt RJ, Stephens JS (1997) Changes in an assemblage of temperate reef fishes associated with a climate shift. Ecol Appl 7:1299–1310
Hubbs CL, Schultz LP (1929) The northward occurrence of southern forms of marine life along the Pacific Coast in 1926. Calif Fish Game 15:234–241
Hughes L (2000) Biological consequences of global warming: is the signal already apparent? Trend Ecol Evol 15:56–61
IPCC (2007) Climate and biodiversity. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change technical paper
Kolar CS, Lodge DM (2002) Ecological predictions and risk assessment for alien fishes in North America. Science 298:1233–1236
Lavaniegos BE, Ohman MD (2003) Long-term changes in pelagic tunicate of the California Current. Deep-Sea Res II 50:2473–2498
Lonhart SI, Tupen JW (2001) New range records of 12 marine invertebrates: the role of El Niño and other mechanisms in southern and central California. Bull South Calif Acad Sci 100:238–248
MacArthur RH (1972) Geographical ecology: patterns in the distribution of species. Princeton University Press, New Jersey
Mantua NJ, Hare SR (2002) The Pacific decadal oscillation. J Oceanogr 58:35–44
McCarty JP (2001) Ecological consequences of recent climate change. Conserv Biol 15:320–331
McGowan JA, Cayan DR, Dorman LM (1998) Climate-ocean variability and ecosystem response in the northeast Pacific. Science 281:210–217
McGowan JA, Bograd SJ, Lynn RJ, Miller AJ (2003) The biological response to the 1977 regime shift in the California Current. Deep-Sea Res II 50:2567–2582
McKinney ML, Lockwood JL (1999) Biotic homogenization: a few winners replacing many losers in the next mass extinction. Trend Ecol Evol 14:450–453
Moerman DE, Estabrook GF (2006) The botanist effect: counties with maximal species richness tend to be home to universities and botanists. J Biogeogr 33:1969–1974
Parmesan C (2006) Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 37:637–669
Perry AL, Low PJ, Ellis JR, Reynolds JD (2005) Climate change and distribution shifts in marine fishes. Science 308:1912–1915
Rahel FJ (2000) Homogenization of fish faunas across the United States. Science 288:854–856
Richards DV, Engle JM (2001) New and unusual reef fish discovered at the California Channel Islands during the 1997–1998 El Niño. Bull South Calif Acad Sci 100:175–185
Rilov G, Benayahu Y, Gasith A (2004) Prolonged lag in a population outbreak of an invasive mussel: a shifting-habitat model. Biol Invas 6:347–364
Root TL, Schneider SH (2002) Climate change: overview and implications for wildlife. In: Schneider SH, Root TL (eds) Wildlife responses to climate change: North American case studies. Island Press, Washington D.C., pp 1–56
Roy K, Jablonski D, Valentine JW (1995) Thermally anomalous assemblages revisited: patterns in the extraprovincial latitudinal range shifts of Pleistocene marine mollusks. Geology 23:1071–1074
Roy K, Valentine JW, Jablonski D, Kidwell SM (1996) Scales of climatic variability and time averaging in Pleistocene biotas: implications for ecology and evolution. Trend Ecol Evol 11:458–463
Ruiz GM, Fofonoff PW, Carlton JT, Wonham MJ, Hines AH (2000) Invasion of coastal marine communities in North America: apparent patterns, processes, and biases. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 31:481–531
Sagarin R (2002) Historical studies of species' responses to climate change: promises and pratfalls. In: Schneider SH, Root TL (eds) Wildlife responses to climate change: North American case studies. Island Press, Washington D.C., pp 127–163
Sagarin RD, Gaines SD (2002a) The ‘abundant centre’ distribution: to what extent is it a biogeo-graphical rule? Ecol Lett 5:137–147
Sagarin RD, Gaines SD (2002b) Geographical abundance distributions of coastal invertebrates: using one-dimensional ranges to test biogeographic hypotheses. J Biogeogr 29:985–997
Sagarin RD, Barry JP, Gilman SE, Baxter CH (1999) Climate-related change in an intertidal community over short and long time scales. Ecol Monogr 69:465–490
Schiel DR, Steinbeck JR, Foster MS (2004) Ten years of induced ocean warming causes comprehensive changes in marine benthic communities. Ecology 85:1833–1839
Semmens BX, Buhle ER, Salomon AK, Pattengill-Semmens CV (2004) A hotspot of non-native marine fishes: evidence for the aquarium trade as an invasion pathway. Mar Ecol Progr Ser 266:239–244
Southward AJ, Hawkins SJ, Burrows MT (1995) Seventy years' observations of changes in distribution and abundance of zooplankton and intertidal organisms in the Western English Channel in relation to rising sea temperature. J Therm Biol 20:127–155
Strauss S Y, Lau JA, Carroll SP (2006) Evolutionary responses of natives to introduced species: what do introductions tell us about natural communities? Ecol Lett 9:357–374
Valentine JW, Jablonski D (1993) Fossil communities: compositional variation at many time scales. In: Ricklefs RE, Schluter D (eds) Species diversity in ecological communities: historical and geographical perspectives. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 341–348
Vermeij GJ, Palmer AR, Lindberg DR (1990) Range limits and dispersal of mollusks in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Veliger 33:346–354
Wasson K, Zabin CJ, Bedinger L, Diaz MC, Pearse JS (2001) Biological invasions of estuaries without international shipping: the importance of intraregional transport. Biol Conserv 102:143–153
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lonhart, S.I. (2009). Natural and Climate Change Mediated Invasions. In: Rilov, G., Crooks, J.A. (eds) Biological Invasions in Marine Ecosystems. Ecological Studies, vol 204. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79236-9_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79236-9_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-79235-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-79236-9
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)