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Emerging Contaminants from Industrial and Municipal Waste pp 37–101Cite as

Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) as an Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technology

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Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC5,volume 5 / 5S / 5S/2))

Abstract

The development and application of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for full-scale municipal wastewater treatment is the most important recent technological advance in terms of biological wastewater treatment. The MBR is a suspended growth-activated sludge system that utilizes microporous membranes for solid/liquid separation instead of secondary clarifiers. It represents a decisive step forward concerning effluent quality by delivering a hygienically pure effluent and by exhibiting a very high operational reliability. Advanced MBR wastewater treatment technology is being successfully applied at an ever-increasing number of locations around the world.

In this chapter, the authors have covered several aspects of MBR, with an exhaustive overview of its operational and biological performance. Different configurations and hydraulics of MBR are presented, with attention given to the fouling phenomenon and strategies for reducing it. Also, the high quality of MBR effluent is discussed, whereas in comparison with CAS removals of organic matter, ammonia, phosphorus, solids, bacteria and viruses are significantly enhanced. Emphasis has been given to the improved capability of MBR to remove organic contaminants present at trace concentration levels (ng L−1, μgL−1 and mg L−1), which to the authors’ knowledge represents a first attempt to summarize the published literature on this subject. Finally, advantages and disadvantages of MBR over CAS are concerned. In conclusion, MBR represents an efficient and cost-effective process that copes excellently with the growing needs for transforming wastewater into clean water that can be returned to the hydrological cycle without detrimental effects.

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Abbreviations

ABT:

Aminobenzothiazole

AEO:

Alcohol ethoxylates

AHTN:

6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetraline

AOB:

Ammonium oxidizing bacteria

APs:

Alkylphenols

APEOs:

Alkylphenol ethoxylates

BOD:

Biological oxygen demand

BPA:

Bisphenol-A

BT:

Benzothiazole

CAS:

Conventional activated sludge

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

2,4-D:

2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid

DBPs:

Disinfection by-products

DEET:

Meta-N,N-diethyl toluamide

DO:

Dissolved oxygen

2,4-DP:

2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid

E1:

Estrone

E2:

17β-estradiol

EBPR:

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal

ED:

Electrodialysis

EDCs:

Endocrine disrupting compounds

EDI:

Electro deionization

EDTA:

Ethylenediamino tetraacetate

EE2:

17α-ethinylestradiole

EPS:

Extracellular polymeric substances

F/M:

Food-to-microorganism ratio

FS:

Flat sheet

GAOs:

Glycogen accumulating organisms

HF:

Hollow fiber

HHCB:

1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-gamma-2-benzopyran

HRT:

Hydraulic retention time

LAS:

Linear alkylbenzene sulphonates

MBR:

Membrane bioreactor

MBT:

Mercaptobenzothiazole

MCPA:

(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-acetic acid

MCPP:

Mecoprop

MF:

Microfiltration

MLSS:

Mixed-liquor suspended solids

MLVSS:

Mixed-liquor volatile suspended solids

MTBT:

Methylthiobenzothiazole

MWCO:

Molecular weight cut-off

NF:

Nanofiltration

NOB:

Nitrate oxidizing bacteria

NP:

Nonylphenol

NPEC x :

(x = 1, 2) nonylphenol mono, di-carboxylates

NPEO x :

(x = 1, 2, 3) nonylphenol mono, di, tri-ethoxylates

NSA x :

(x = 1, 2) naphthalene mono, di-sulfonates

OHBT:

Hydroxybenzothiazole

OP:

Octylphenol

OPEOs:

Octylphenol ethoxylates

P3 :

persistent polar pollutants

PAC:

Powdered activated carbon

PAHs:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

PAN:

Polyacrylonitrile

PAOs:

Phosphate accumulating microorganisms

PE:

Polyethylene

PES:

Polyethylsulphone

PhACs:

Pharmaceutically active compounds

pI:

Iso-electric point

PP:

Polypropylene

PVDF:

Polyvinylidene difluoride

RO:

Reverse osmosis

SMP:

Soluble microbial products

SPC:

Sulfophenyl carboxylates

SRT:

Solids retention time

SS:

Suspended solids

SVI:

Sludge volume index

TC:

Total Coliform

TCEP:

Tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate

TCPP:

Tris-(chloropropyl) phosphate

TKN:

Total Kjeldahl nitrogen

TN:

Total nitrogen

TSS:

Total suspended solids

UF:

Ultrafiltration

VSS:

Volatile suspended solids

WWTP:

Wastewater treatment plant

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Chemistry, IIQAB-CSIC, c/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain

    Jelena Radjenović, Mira Petrović & Damià Barceló

  2. Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology (PBF), Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia

    Marin Matošić & Ivan Mijatović

  3. Institució Catalana de Reserca i Estudis Avanzats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain

    Mira Petrović

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  1. Jelena Radjenović
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  2. Marin Matošić
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  3. Ivan Mijatović
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  4. Mira Petrović
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  5. Damià Barceló
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Correspondence to Jelena Radjenović .

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    Damià Barceló  & Mira Petrovic  & 

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Radjenović, J., Matošić, M., Mijatović, I., Petrović, M., Barceló, D. (2008). Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) as an Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technology. In: Barceló, D., Petrovic, M. (eds) Emerging Contaminants from Industrial and Municipal Waste. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 5 / 5S / 5S/2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79210-9_2

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