Abstract
Fatigue is widely recognised as one of the most common causes of mechanical failure and hence the issue of fatigue in bonded joints must be addressed if adhesives are to find wider usage in structural applications. Fatigue failure is difficult to predict accurately and fatigue in bonded joints is complicated by the multi-component nature of bonded joints and by the complex stress distributions and material behaviour. Various methods of modelling the fatigue behaviour of bonded joints have been proposed, varying in complexity, applicability and degree of empiricism. The aims of the models are either to predict the number of load cycles until a certain event occurs (such as macro-crack initiation or complete failure) or to predict the rate of change of crack length (or some other measure of damage) as a function of cycles. In this chapter the main approaches to modelling fatigue in adhesive joints are outlined and examples given of the application of each approach. It is seen that there are many practical modelling routes, the choice being dependent on what is required and the availability of resources, data and expertise. However, it cannot be said at present that there is a generally applicable method of modelling fatigue in bonded joints that is robust, reliable and mechanistically accurate. However, the further development of advanced computational methods, such as finite element analyses incorporating progressive damage, and increased understanding of the mechanisms of fatigue in bonded joints will continue to provide drivers for improved modelling methods.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abdel Wahab MM, Ashcroft IA, Crocombe AD and Shaw SJ (2001) Diffusion of moisture in adhesively bonded joints. J Adhes 77: 43–80
Abdel Wahab MM, Ashcroft IA, Crocombe AD, Hughes DJ and Shaw SJ (2001a) The effect of environment on the fatigue of bonded composite joints. Part 2: Fatigue threshold prediction. Composites Part A 32: 59–69
Abdel Wahab MM, Ashcroft IA, Crocombe AD, Hughes DJ and Shaw SJ (2001b) Prediction of fatigue threshold in adhesively bonded joints using damage mechanics and fracture mechanics. J Adhes Sci Technol 15: 763–782
Abdel Wahab MM, Ashcroft IA, Crocombe AD and Smith PA (2003) Fatigue crack propagation in adhesively bonded joints. Key Eng Mater 251: 229–234
Abdel Wahab MM, Ashcroft IA, Crocombe AD and Smith PA (2004) Finite element prediction of fatigue crack propagation lifetime in composite bonded joints. Composites Part A 35: 213–222
Al-Ghamdi AH, Ashcroft IA, Crocombe AD and Abdel Wahab MM (2003) Crack growth in adhesively bonded joints subjected to variable frequency fatigue loading. J Adhes 79: 1161–1182
Al-Ghamdi AH, Ashcroft IA, Crocombe AD and Abdel Wahab MM (2004) Creep and fatigue crack growth in DCB joints. In: Proc 7th Int Conf Struct Adhes Eng, IOM Communications, London, pp 22–25
Ashcroft IA, Gilmore RB and Shaw SJ (1997) Cyclic fatigue and environmental effects with adhesively bonded joints. In: AGARD Conf Proc 590, Bolted/Bonded Joints in Polymeric Composites, NATO, New York, pp 14.1–14.9
Ashcroft IA, Digby RP and Shaw SJ (1999), The effect of environment on the performance of bonded composite joints. In: I Mech E Conf Trans, Joining and Repair of Plastics and Composites, Professional Engineering Publishing, London, pp 73–85
Ashcroft IA, Hughes DJ and Shaw SJ (2000) Adhesive bonding of composite materials. Assembly Autom 20: 150–161
Ashcroft IA, Abdel Wahab MM, Crocombe AD, Hughes DJ and Shaw SJ (2001) Effect of temperature on the quasi-static strength and fatigue resistance of bonded composite double lap joints. J Adhes 75: 61–88
Ashcroft IA, Abdel Wahab MM, Crocombe AD, Hughes DJ and Shaw SJ (2001a) The effect of environment on the fatigue of bonded composite joints. Part 1: Testing and fractography. Composites Part A 32: 45–58
Ashcroft IA and Shaw SJ (2002) Mode I fracture of epoxy bonded composite joints, Part 2: Fatigue Loading. Int J Adhes Adhes 22: 151–167
Ashcroft IA, Erpolat S and Tyrer J (2003) Damage assessment in bonded joints. Key Eng Mater 245: 501–508
Ashcroft IA, Abdel Wahab MM and Crocombe AD (2003a) Predicting degradation in bonded composite joints using a semi-coupled FEA method. Mech Adv Matl Struct 10: 227–248
Ashcroft IA (2004), A simple model to predict crack growth in bonded joints and laminates under variable amplitude fatigue. J Strain Anal 39: 707–716
Ashcroft IA, Al-Ghamdi AH, Crocombe AD and Wahab MA (2005) Creep-fatigue interactions and the effect of frequency on crack growth in adhesively bonded joints. In: Proc 9th Int Conf Sci Technol Adhes, Oxford, IOM Communications, London, pp 110–113
Ashcroft IA, Casas-Rodriguez JP and Silberschmidt VV (2008) Mixed mode crack growth in bonded composite joints under standard and impact fatigue loading, J Mat Sci (accepted for publication)
Bond IP (1999) Fatigue life prediction for GRP subjected to variable amplitude loading. Composites Part A 30: 961–970
Coffin LF (1954) A study of the effects of cyclic thermal stresses on a ductile metal. Trans Am Soc Mech Eng 76: 931–950
Crocombe AD and Richardson G (1999) Assessing stress state and mean load effects on the fatigue response of adhesively bonded joints. Int J Adhes Adhes 19: 19–27
Crocombe AD, Ong AD, Chan CY, Abdel Wahab MM and Ashcroft IA (2002) Investigating fatigue damage evolution in adhesively bonded structures using backface strain measurement. J Adhes 78: 745–778
Crocombe AD, Wahab MA and Ashcroft IA (2005) Characterising adhesive joint fatigue damage evolution using multiple backface strain gauges. In: Vorvolakos K (ed) Proc 28th Annual Meeting of the Adhesion Society, The Adhesion Society, pp 211–213
Crocombe AD, Hua YX, Loh WK, Wahab MA and Ashcroft IA (2006) Predicting the residual strength for environmentally degraded adhesive lap joints. Int J Adhes Adhes 26: 325–336
Dessureault M and Spelt JK (1997) Observations of fatigue crack initiation and propagation in an epoxy adhesive. Int J Adhes Adhes 17: 183–195
Dibenedetto AT and Salee G (1979) Fatigue crack propagation in graphite fibre reinforced nylon 66. Poly Engin Sci 19: 512–518
Erpolat S, Ashcroft IA, Crocombe AD and Abdel Wahab MM (2004) A study of adhesively bonded joints subjected to constant and variable amplitude fatigue. Int J Fatigue 26: 1189–1196
Erpolat S, Ashcroft IA, Crocombe AD and Abdel Wahab MM (2004a) Fatigue crack growth acceleration due to intermittent overstressing in adhesively bonded CFRP joints. Composites Part A 35: 1175–1183
Erpolat S, Ashcroft IA, Crocombe A and Abdel Wahab (2004b) On the analytical determination of strain energy release rate in bonded DCB joints. Eng Fract Mech 71: 1393–1401
Forman RG, Kearney VE and Engle RM (1967) Numerical analysis of crack propagation in cyclic-loaded structures. J Bas Eng 89: 459–464
Graner-Solana A, Crocombe AD, Wahab MA and Ashcroft IA (2007) Fatigue initiation in adhesively bonded single lap joints. J Adhes Sci Tech 21: 1343–1357
Griffith AA (1921) The phenomenon of rupture and flow in solids. Phil Trans Roy Soc A 221: 163–197
Harris JA and Fay PA (1992) Fatigue life evaluation of structural adhesives for automotive applications. Int J Adhes Adhes 12: 9–18
Hart-Smith LJ (1981) Stress analysis: a continuum mechanics approach. In: Developments in Adhesives 2, Applied Science Publishers, London, pp 1–44
Henry DL (1955) A theory of fatigue damage accumulation in steel. Trans Am Soc Mech Eng 9:13–918
Hilmy I, Abdel Wahab MM, Ashcroft IA and Crocombe AD (2006) Measuring of damage parameters in adhesive bonding. Key Eng Mater 324: 275–278
Hilmy I, Abdel Wahab MM, Crocombe AD, Ashcroft IA and Solano AG (2007) Effect of triaxiality on damage parameters in adhesive. Key Eng Mater 348: 37–40
Irwin GR (1958) Fracture. In: Flugge S (ed) Handbuch der Physic VI, Springer, Berlin, pp 551–590
Johnson WS (1987) Stress analysis of the cracked lap shear specimen: an ASTM round-robin. J Test Eval 15: 303–324
Kachanov LM (1986) Introduction to continuum damage mechanics. Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff
Landes JD and Begley JA (1976) A fracture mechanics approach to creep crack growth. In: Mechanics of Crack Growth, ASTM STP 590, American Society for Testing and Materials, pp 128–148
Lemaitre J (1984) How to use damage mechanics. Nucl Eng Des 80: 233–245
Lemaitre J (1985) A continuous damage mechanics model for ductile fracture. J Eng Mater Technol 107: 83–89
Leve HL (1969) Cumulative damage theories. In: Metal Fatigue: Theory and Design, John Wiley & Sons Inc., NY, USA, pp 170–203
Lefebvre DR and Dillard DA (1999) A stress singularity approach for the prediction of fatigue crack initiation. Part 1: Theory. J Adhes 70: 119–138
Lefebvre DR and Dillard DA (1999a) A stress singularity approach for the prediction of fatigue crack initiation. Part 2: Experimental. J Adhes 70: 139–154
Liljedahl CDM, Crocombe AD, Wahab MA and Ashcroft IA (2006) Damage modelling of adhesively bonded joints. Int J Fract 141: 147–161
Liljedahl CDM, Crocombe AD, Wahab MA and Ashcroft IA (2007) Modelling the environmental degradation of adhesively bonded aluminium and composite joints using a CZM approach. Int J Adhes Adhes 27: 505–518
Loh WK, Crocombe AD, Abdel Wahab MM and Ashcroft IA (2003) Modelling interfacial degradation using interfacial rupture elements. J Adhes 79: 1135–1160
Mall S and Yun KT (1987) Effect of adhesive ductility on cyclic debond mechanism in composite to composite bonded joints. J Adhes 23: 215–231
Mangalgiri PD, Johnson WS and Everett RA (1987) Effect of adherend thickness and mixed mode loading on debond growth in adhesively bonded composite joints. J Adhes 23: 263–288
Manson SS (1954) Behaviour of materials under conditions of thermal stress, In: National Advisory Commission on Aeronautics. Report 1170, Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory, Cleveland, pp 317–350
Marco SM and Starkey WL (1954) A concept of fatigue damage. Trans Am Soc Mech Eng 76: 626–662
Martin RH and Murri GB (1990) Characterisation of mode I and mode II delamination growth and thresholds in AS4/PEEK composites. In: Composite Materials: Testing and Design (Ninth Symposium), STP 1059, ASTM, USA, pp 251–270
Miner MA (1945) Cumulative damage in fatigue. J Appl Mech 12: 159–164
Nikbin KM, Webster GA and Turner CE (1976) Relevance of nonlinear fracture mechanics to creep crack growth. In: Crack and Fracture, ASTM STP 601, American Society for Testing and Materials, USA, pp 47–62
Nolting AE, Underhill PR and DuQuesnay DL (2008) Variable amplitude fatigue of bonded aluminium joints. Int J Fatigue 30: 178–187
Owen MJ and Howe RJ (1972) The accumulation of damage in a glass-reinforced plastic under tensile and fatigue loading. J Phys D: Appl Phys 5: 1637–1649
Palmgren A (1924) Die Lebensdauer von Kugellargen, Zeitschrift des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure 68: 339–341
Paris PC, Gomez MP and Anderson WE (1961) A rational analytic theory of fatigue life. Trend Eng 13: 9–14
Quaresimin M and Ricotta M (2006) Fatigue behaviour and damage evolution of single lap bonded joints in composite material. Comp Sci Technol 66: 176–187
Quaresimin M and Ricotta M (2006a) Stress intensity factors and strain energy release rates in single lap bonded joints in composite materials. Comp Sci Technol 66: 647–656
Quaresimin M and Ricotta A (2006b) Life prediction of bonded joints in composite materials. Int J Fat 28: 1166–1176
Rice JR (1968) A path independent integral and the approximate analysis of strain concentration by notches and cracks. J Appl Mech 35: 379–386
Saxena A (1986) Creep crack growth under non-steady-state conditions. In: Fracture Mechanics: Seventeenth Volume, ASTM STP 905, American Society for Testing and Materials, USA, pp 185–201
Schaff JR and Davidson BD (1997) Life prediction methodology for composite structures, Part I: Constant amplitude and two-stress level fatigue. J Comp Mater 31: 128–157
Schaff JR and Davidson BD (1997a) Life prediction methodology for composite structures, Part II: Spectrum fatigue. J Comp Mater 31: 158–181
Schutz W and Heuler P (1989) A review of fatigue life prediction models for the crack initiation and propagation phases. In: Branco CM and Rosa LG (eds) Advances in Fatigue Science and Technology, NATO, Netherlands, pp 177–219
Shenoy V, Ashcroft IA, Critchlow GW, Crocombe AD and Abdel Wahab MM (2008) An investigation into the crack initiation and propagation behaviour of bonded single lap joints using backface strain. Int J Adhes Adhes (accepted for publication)
Whitworth HA (1990) Cumulative damage in composites. J Engin Mater Technol 112: 358–361
Wöhler A (1867) Versuche über die Festigkeit der Eisenbahnwagenachsen. Zeitschrift für Bauwesen 10; English summary, Engineering 4: 160–161.
Yang JN, Jones DL, Yang SH and Meskini A (1990) A stiffness degradation model for graphite/epoxy laminates. J Comp Mater 24: 753–769
Zhang Z and Shang JK (1995) A backface strain technique for detecting fatigue crack initiation in adhesive joints. J Adhes 49: 23–36
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ashcroft, I.A., Crocombe, A.D. (2008). Modelling Fatigue in Adhesively Bonded Joints. In: da Silva, L.F.M., Öchsner, A. (eds) Modeling of Adhesively Bonded Joints. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79056-3_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79056-3_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-79055-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-79056-3
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)