Abstract
• Surgeons need to be familiar with the external surgical approaches including the indications and techniques in order to perform revision cases safely.
• Every effort should be made to obtain a detailed knowledge of the previous surgery.
• Potential for complications is greater due to the disruption of normal anatomy and pathways and greater likelihood of osteoneogenesis, adhesions, and breech of sinus boundaries compared to endoscopic surgery.
• Image guidance is useful but does not compensate for lack of preoperative planning.
• Always operate from known to unknown and always be vigilant that significant surgical defects can be found behind normal anatomy.
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Sacks, R., Kalish, L. (2008). Endoscopic Approach after Failure of Open Sinus Procedures. In: Revision Sinus Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78931-4_38
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78931-4_38
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