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Quality of Service (QoS) of Automation

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Book cover Springer Handbook of Automation

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

Quality of service (QoS) of automation involves issues of cost, affordability, energy, maintenance, and dependability. This chapter focuses on cost, affordability, and energy. (The next chapter addresses the other aspects.) Cost-effective or cost-oriented automation is part of a strategy called low-cost automation. It considers the life cycle of an automation system with respect to their owners: design, production, operating, and maintenance, refitting or recycling. Affordable automation is another part of the strategy. It considers automation or automatic control in small enterprises to enhance their competitiveness in manufacturing and service. Despite relative expensive components the automation system can be cheap with respect to operation and maintenance. As examples are discussed: numerical controls of machine tools; shop floor control with distributed information processing; programmable logic controllers (PLCs) shifting to general-purpose (PC); smart devices, i.e. information processing integrated in sensors and actuators; and distributed manufacturing, and maintenance.

Energy saving can be supported by automatic control of consumption in households, office buildings, plants, and transport. Energy intensity is decreasing in most developing countries, caused by changing habits of people and by new control strategies. Centralized generation of electrical energy has advantages in terms of economies of scale, but also wastes energy. Decentralized generation of electricity and heat in regional or local units are of advantage. A combination of wind energy, solar energy, hydropower, energy from biomass, and fossil fuel in small units could provide electrical energy and heat in regions isolated from grids. These hybrid energy concepts are demanding advanced, but low-cost, controls.

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Abbreviations

A/D:

analog-to-digital

AGV:

autonomous guided vehicle

BAS:

building automation systems

CCGT:

combined-cycle gas turbine

CIM:

computer integrated manufacturing

CNC:

computer numerical control

CVT:

continuously variable transmission

D/A:

digital-to-analog

DFBD:

derived function block diagram

EMCS:

energy management control systems

EMS:

energy management system

EU:

European Union

FBD:

function block diagram

GDP:

gross domestic product

GDP:

ground delay program

GPRS:

general packet radio service

GPS:

global positioning system

HVAC:

heating, ventilation, air-conditioning

I/O:

input/output

IEC:

International Electrotechnical Commission

IL:

instruction list

INS:

inertial navigation system

LD:

ladder diagram

MIMO:

multi-input multi-output

NC:

numerical control

NFC:

near field communication

PC:

personal computer

PID:

proportional, integral, and derivative

PLC:

programmable logic controller

QoS:

quality of service

RFID:

radiofrequency identification

SFC:

sequential function chart

SFC:

space-filling curve

SISO:

single-input single-output

SME:

small and medium-sized enterprises

SQL:

structured query language

ST:

structured text

UMTS:

universal mobile telecommunications system

UWB:

ultra wire band

WI-Max:

worldwide interoperability for microwave access

Wi-Fi:

wireless fidelity

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Human–Machine Systems, Technische Universität Berlin, Franklinstrasse 28/29, 10587, Berlin, Germany

    Heinz-Hermann Erbe (∆)

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  1. Heinz-Hermann Erbe (∆)
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  1. PRISM Center, and School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, 315 N. Grant Street, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA

    Shimon Y. Nof

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© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Erbe (∆), HH. (2009). Quality of Service (QoS) of Automation. In: Nof, S. (eds) Springer Handbook of Automation. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78831-7_41

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78831-7_41

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-78831-7

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