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Large-Scale Complex Systems

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Springer Handbook of Automation

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

Large-scale complex systems (LSS) have traditionally been characterized by large numbers of variables, structure of interconnected subsystems, and other features that complicate the control models such as nonlinearities, time delays, and uncertainties. The decomposition of LSS into smaller, more manageable subsystems allowed for implementing effective decentralization and coordination mechanisms. The last decade revealed new characteristic features of LSS such as the networked structure, enhanced geographical distribution and increased cooperation of subsystems, evolutionary development, and higher risk sensitivity. This chapter aims to present a balanced review of several traditional well-established methods and new approaches together with typical applications. First the hierarchical systems approach is described and the transition from coordinated control to collaborative schemes is highlighted. Three subclasses of methods that are widely utilized in LSS – decentralized control, simulation-based, and artificial-intelligence-based schemes – are then reviewed. Several basic aspects of decision support systems (DSS) that are meant to enable effective cooperation between man and machine and among the humans in charge with LSS management and control are briefly exposed. The chapter concludes by presenting several technology trends in LSS.

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Abbreviations

AI:

artificial intelligence

ANN:

artificial neural network

ATC:

available transfer capability

CIM:

computer integrated manufacturing

CRM:

customer relationship management

DM:

decision-making

DMP:

decision-making processes

DMP:

dot matrix printer

DSS:

decision support system

FDD:

fault detection and diagnosis

FLC:

fuzzy logic control

FOC:

federation object coordinator

GA:

genetic algorithms

HMS:

hierarchical multilevel system

ICT:

information and communication technology

IFAC:

International Federation of Automatic Control

KS:

knowledge subsystem

LMI:

linear matrix inequality

LS:

language subsystem

LSS:

large-scale complex system

MIS:

management information system

MIS:

minimally invasive surgery

MPC:

model-based predictive control

PCA:

principal component analysis

PCB:

printed circuit board

PID:

proportional, integral, and derivative

PPS:

problem processing subsystem

RT:

radiotherapy

RT:

register transfer

SDS:

sequential dynamic system

SoS:

systems of systems

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Romanian Academy, Calea Victoriei 125, 010071, Bucharest, Romania

    Florin-Gheorghe Filip

  2. Control Engineering Laboratory, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulun Yliopisto, Finland

    Kauko Leiviskä Dr

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  1. Florin-Gheorghe Filip
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Correspondence to Florin-Gheorghe Filip or Kauko Leiviskä Dr .

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  1. PRISM Center, and School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, 315 N. Grant Street, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA

    Shimon Y. Nof

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Filip, FG., Leiviskä, K. (2009). Large-Scale Complex Systems. In: Nof, S. (eds) Springer Handbook of Automation. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78831-7_36

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78831-7_36

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

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