Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sensors and Sensor Networks

  • Chapter
Springer Handbook of Automation

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

Sensors are essential devices in many industrial applications such as factory automation, digital appliances, aircraft/automotive applications, environmental monitoring, and system diagnostics. The main role of those sensors is to measure changes of physical quantities of surroundings. In general, sensors are embedded into sensory devices with a circuitry as a part of a system. In this chapter, various types of sensors and their working principles are briefly explained as well as their technical advancement to recent smart microsensors is introduced. Specifically, the individual sensor issue is also extended to emerging networked sensors and their applications from recent research activities. Through this chapter, readers can also understand how multisensors or networked sensors can be configured and how they can collaborate with each other to provide higher performance and reliability within networked sensor systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 309.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

2-D:

two-dimensional

3-D:

three-dimensional

A/D:

analog-to-digital

ADC:

analog-to-digital converter

AWSN:

ad hoc wireless sensor network

BP:

broadcasting protocol

BS:

base station

CCD:

charge-coupled device

CH:

cluster-head

DMSA/DMSN:

distributed microsensor array and network

DSN:

distributed sensor network

EMF:

electromotive force

FP:

flooding protocol

FTSIA:

fault-tolerance sensor integration algorithm

FTTP:

fault tolerant time-out protocal

GP:

genetic programming

GPS:

global positioning system

ITS:

intelligent transportation system

LEACH:

low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy

LVDT:

linear variable differential transformer

MAC:

medium access control

MADSN:

mobile-agent-based DSN

MEMS:

micro-electromechanical system

MSA:

microsensor array

MSI:

multisensor integration

MTE:

minimum transmission energy

MidFSN:

middleware for facility sensor network

PTP:

point-to-point protocol

QoS:

quality of service

RTD:

resistance temperature detector

SMC:

sequential Monte Carlo

SPIN:

sensor protocol for information via negotiation

Wi-Fi:

wireless fidelity

References

  1. R.C. Luo: Sensor technologies and microsensor issues for mechatronics systems, IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatron. 1(1), 39–49 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. R.C. Luo, C. Yih, K.L. Su: Multisensor fusion and integration: approaches, applications, and future research directions, IEEE Sens. J. 2(2), 107–119 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. J.S. Wilson: Sensor Technology Handbook (Newnes Elsevier, Amsterdam 2004)

    Google Scholar 

  4. J. Fraden: Handbook of Modern Sensors: Physics, Designs, and Applications, 3rd edn. (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  5. J.G. Webster (Ed.): The Measurement, Instrumentation and Sensors Handbook (CRC, Boca Raton 1998)

    Google Scholar 

  6. C.W. de Silva (Ed.): Mechatronic Systems: Devices, Design, Control, Operation and Monitoring (CRC, Boca Raton 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  7. S. Cetinkunt: Mechatronics (Wiley, New York 2007)

    Google Scholar 

  8. D.G. Alciatore, M.B. Histand: Introduction to Mechatronics and Measurement Systems (McGraw-Hill, New York 2007)

    Google Scholar 

  9. B. Warneke, M. Last, B. Liebowitz, K.S.J. Pister: Smart dust: communicating with a cubic-millimeter computer, Computer 34(1), 44–51 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. H. Yamasaki (Ed.): Intelligent Sensors, Handbook of Sensors and Actuators, Vol. 3 (Elsevier, Amsterdam 1996)

    Google Scholar 

  11. R. Brooks, S. Iyengar: Multi-Sensor Fusion (Prentice Hall, New York 1998)

    Google Scholar 

  12. K. Faceli, C.P.L.F. Andre de Carvalho, S.O. Rezende: Combining intelligent techniques for sensor fusion, Appl. Intell. 20, 199–213 (2004)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. D.-W. Hugh, T.C. Henderson: Multisensor data fusion. In: Springer Handbook of Robotics, ed. by B. Siciliano, O. Khatib (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  14. H.B. Mitchell: Multi-Sensor Data Fusion (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2007)

    Google Scholar 

  15. A. Elfes: Sonar-based real-world mapping and navigation, IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom. 3(3), 249–265 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. L.D. Stone, C.A. Barlow, T.L. Corwin: Bayesian Multiple Target Tracking (Artech House, Norwood 1999)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. P.S. Mayback: Stochastic Models, Estimation and Control, Vol. I (Academic, New York 1979)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Y. Bar-Shamon, T.E. Fortmann: Tracking and Data Association (Academic, New York 1998)

    Google Scholar 

  19. R.C. Luo, M.G. Kay: Multisensor integration and fusion in intelligent systems, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 19(5), 901–931 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. S.S. Iyengar, L. Prasad, H. Min: Advances In Distributed Sensor Integration: Application and Theory, Environmental and Intelligent Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 7 (Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River 1995)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Y. Liu, S.Y. Nof: Distributed micro flow-sensor arrays and networks: Design of architecture and communication protocols, Int. J. Prod. Res. 42(15), 3101–3115 (2004)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. S.Y. Nof, Y. Liu, W. Jeong: Fault-tolerant time-out communication protocol and sensor apparatus for using same, patent pending (Purdue University, 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  23. R. Wesson, F. Hayes-Roth, J.W. Burge, C. Stasz, C.A. Sunshine: Network structures for distributed situation assessment, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 11(1), 5–23 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. S.S. Iyengar, D.N. Jayasimha, D. Nadig: A versatile architecture for the distributed sensor integration problem, IEEE Trans. Comput. 43(2), 175–185 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. D. Nadig, S.S. Iyengar, D.N. Jayasimha: A new architecture for distributed sensor integration, Proc. IEEE Southeastconʼ93E (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  26. S. Ghiasi, A. Srivastava, X. Yang, M. Sarrafzadeh: Optimal energy aware clustering in sensor networks, Sensors 2, 258–269 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. C.R. Lin, M. Gerla: Adaptive clustering for mobile wireless networks, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 15(7), 1265–1275 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. M. Ilyas: The Handbook of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks (CRC, Boca Raton 2002)

    Google Scholar 

  29. A. Lim: Distributed services for information dissemination in self-organizing sensor networks, J. Franklin Inst. 338(6), 707–727 (2001)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  30. D. Estrin, J. Heidemann, R. Govindan, S. Kumar: Next century challenges: Scalable coordination in sensor networks, Proc. 5th Annu. Int. Conf. Mobile Comput. Netw. (MobiCOM ʼ99) (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  31. C. Intanagonwiwat, R. Govindan, D. Estrin, J. Heidemann, F. Silva: Directed diffusion for wireless sensor networking, IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 11(1), 2–16 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Y.A. Chau, E. Geraniotis: Multisensor correlation and quantization in distributed detection systems, Proc. 29th IEEE Conf. Decis. Control, Vol. 5 (1990) pp. 2692–2697

    Google Scholar 

  33. W.B. Heinzelman, A.P. Chandrakasan, H. Balakrishnan: An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 1(4), 660–670 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. S.S. Iyengar, M.B. Sharma, R.L. Kashyap: Information routing and reliability issues in distributed sensor networks, IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 40(12), 3012–3021 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. A.S. Ween, N. Tomecko, D.E. Gossink: Communications architectures and capability improvement evaluation methodology, 21st Century Military Commun. Conf. Proc. (MILCOM 2000), Vol. 2 (2000) pp. 988–993

    Google Scholar 

  36. S.M. Hedetniemi, S.T. Hedetniemi, A.L. Liestman: A survey of gossipingand broadcasting in communication networks, Networks 18, 319–349 (1988)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  37. W.R. Heinzelman, J. Kulik, H. Balakrishnan: Adaptive protocols for information dissemination in wireless sensor networks, Proc 5th Annu. ACM/IEEE Int. Conf. Mobile Comput. Netw. (MobiComʼ99) (1999) pp. 174–185

    Google Scholar 

  38. W.R. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan, H. Balakrishnan: Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks, Proc. 33rd Annu. Hawaii Int. Conf. Syst. Sci. (2000) pp. 3005–3014

    Google Scholar 

  39. M. Ettus: System capacity, latency, and power consumption in multihop-routed SS-CDMA wireless networks, Radio Wirel. Conf. (RAWCONʼ98) (1998) pp. 55–58

    Google Scholar 

  40. Y. Liu, S.Y. Nof: Distributed micro flow-sensor arrays and networks: Design of architecture and communication protocols, Int. J. Prod. Res. 42(15), 3101–3115 (2004)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  41. OPC HAD specifications (2003). Version 1.20.1.00 edition, http://www.opcfoundation.org.

    Google Scholar 

  42. ZigBee Alliance. Network Specification, Version 1.0, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  43. W. Jeong, S.Y. Nof: A collaborative sensor network middleware for automated production systems, Comput. Ind. Eng. (2008), in press

    Google Scholar 

  44. W. Jeong, S.Y. Nof: Performance evaluation of wireless sensor network protocols for industrial applications, J. Intell. Manuf. 19(3), 335–345 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Korea Railroad Research Institute, 360-1 Woram-dong, 437-757, Uiwang, Korea

    Wootae Jeong PhD

Authors
  1. Wootae Jeong PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wootae Jeong PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. PRISM Center, and School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, 315 N. Grant Street, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA

    Shimon Y. Nof

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jeong, W. (2009). Sensors and Sensor Networks. In: Nof, S. (eds) Springer Handbook of Automation. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78831-7_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78831-7_20

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-78830-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-78831-7

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation