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Frankia Nodulation, Mycorrhization and Interactions Between Frankia and Mycorrhizal Fungi in Casuarina Plants

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Mycorrhiza

The genus Casuarina, with approximately 18 species growing naturally in Australia and islands of the Pacific, belongs to the family Casuarinaceae. Casuarina has multi-purpose applications in agroforestry, silviculture, land reclamation and soil fertility improvement in the tropics and subtropics. Great progress in the past century has been made in ecology, physiology, cellular and molecular biology of Casuarina and its control by environmental factors. In Casuarina,N2-fixation ranges 15 to 80% with the actinomycete Frankia, and mycorrhizal colonization ranges 10 to 70% with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or 10 to 50% with ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi for better soil nutrient and water acquisition. Casuarina could thus enhance the performance of other non-N2-fixation trees in mixed populations. Plant height and wood production of Casuarina are greatly increased by Frankia inoculation, though nodulation is considerably affected by nutrient availability and other soil properties. Meanwhile, AM or EM could contribute to a successful Frankia symbiosis by enhancing Casuarina N2-fixation and soil nutrient and water uptake, particularly in phosphorus-deficient or arid and semiarid environments. However, little is known about the mechanisms of interaction between Frankia and mycorrhizal fungi. In addition, antagonism does occur between AM and EM fungal species in Casuarina. The three organisms, Casuarina plants, mycorrhizal fungi, and actinomycete Frankia may impact each other for an apparent Casuarina performance. More research is warranted on a better understanding of the interaction among the host plants, mycorrhizal fungi and Frankia, and the sustainable application of Casuarina plants in agriculture, forestry and industry around the world.

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  1. School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia

    X. H. He

  2. School of Integrative Biology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia

    C. Critchley

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  1. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology (AIMT), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Block ‘A’, Ground Floor, Sector 125, Noida, UP, 201303, India

    Ajit Varma (Director, Vice President (International) (Director, Vice President (International)

  2. Amity Science, Technology & Innovation Foundation (ASTIF), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Block ‘A’, Ground Floor, Sector 125, Noida, UP, 201303, India

    Ajit Varma (Director, Vice President (International) (Director, Vice President (International)

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He, X.H., Critchley, C. (2008). Frankia Nodulation, Mycorrhization and Interactions Between Frankia and Mycorrhizal Fungi in Casuarina Plants. In: Varma, A. (eds) Mycorrhiza. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78826-3_36

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