Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Studies in Computational Intelligence ((SCI,volume 118))

Summary

The ability to discover useful knowledge hidden in large volumes of data and to act on that knowledge is becoming increasingly important in today’s competitive world. Action rules were proposed to help people analyze discovered patterns and develop a workable strategy for actions [10]. A formal definition of an action rule was independently proposed in [4]. These rules have been investigated further in [11, 12].

Action rules are constructed from certain pairs of classification rules extracted earlier from the same decision table, each one defining different preferable classes. Attributes in a database are divided into two groups: stable and flexible. Flexible attributes provide a tool for making hints to a user what changes within some values of flexible attributes are needed to re-classify group of objects, supporting action rule, to another decision class.

Classical action rules only involve flexible attributes listed in both classification rules from which an action rule is constructed. The values of the common stable attributes listed in both rules are used to create an action rule but they are not listed in the expression describing that rule. Because of that, there are many options in actual real-life implementations of them. In this chapter, we propose a new class of action rules, called E-Action rules, to solve this issue. Our experience shows that an E-Action rule is more meaningful than a classical action rule or an extended action rule [11] because it is easy to interpret, understand, and apply by users.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Adomavicius G, Tuzhilin A (1997) Discovery of actionable patterns in databases: the action hierarchy approach. In: Proceedings of KDD97 Conference. AAAI, Newport Beach, CA

    Google Scholar 

  2. Chmielewski M R, Grzymala-Busse J W, Peterson N W, Than S (1993) In: Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences. Vol. 18, No. 3–4, Institute of Computing Science, Technical University of Poznan, Poland, 181–212

    Google Scholar 

  3. Dardzińska A, Raś Z W (2003) On rule discovery from incomplete information systems. In: Proceedings of ICDM’03 Workshop on Foundations and New Directions of Data Mining, (Eds: Lin T Y, Hu X, Ohsuga S, Liau C). IEEE Computer Society, Melbourne, Florida, 31–35

    Google Scholar 

  4. Geffner H, Wainer J (1998) Modeling action, knowledge and control. In: ECAI 98, Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on AI, (Ed: Prade H). Wiley, New York, 532–536

    Google Scholar 

  5. Grzymala-Busse J (1997) A new version of the rule induction system LERS. In: Fundamenta Informaticae, Vol. 31, No. 1, 27–39

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  6. Liu B, Hsu W, Chen S (1997) Using general impressions to analyze discovered classification rules. In: Proceedings of KDD97 Conference. AAAI, Newport Beach, CA

    Google Scholar 

  7. Pawlak Z (1991) Rough sets-theoretical aspects of reasoning about data. Kluwer, Dordrecht

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Pawlak Z (1981) Information systems – theoretical foundations. In: Information Systems Journal, Vol. 6, 205–218

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Polkowski L, Skowron A (1998) Rough sets in knowledge discovery. In: Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, Physica/Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  10. Raś Z, Wieczorkowska A (2000) Action rules: how to increase profit of a company. In: Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, Proceedings of PKDD’00 (Eds: Zighed DA, Komorowski J, Zytkow J). Lyon, France, LNCS/LNAI, No. 1910, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 587–592

    Google Scholar 

  11. Raś Z W, Tsay L-S (2003) Discovering extended action-rules (System DEAR). In: Intelligent Information Systems 2003, Proceedings of the IIS’2003 Symposium, Zakopane, Poland, Advances in Soft Computing, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 293–300

    Google Scholar 

  12. Raś Z, Gupta S (2002) Global action rules in distributed knowledge systems. In: Fundamenta Informaticae Journal, IOS Press, Vol. 51, No. 1–2, 175–184

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Silberschatz A, Tuzhilin A (1995) On subjective measures of interestingness in knowledge discovery. In: Proceedings of KDD9́5 Conference, AAAI, Newport Beach, CA

    Google Scholar 

  14. Silberschatz A, Tuzhilin A (1996) What makes patterns interesting in knowledge discovery systems. In: IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 6, 970–974

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tsay, LS., Raś, Z.W. (2008). E-Action Rules. In: Lin, T.Y., Xie, Y., Wasilewska, A., Liau, CJ. (eds) Data Mining: Foundations and Practice. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 118. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78488-3_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78488-3_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-78487-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-78488-3

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics