Key Points
• MR imaging is a powerful tool in the detection, diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of bone tumors.
• Images should be obtained with the smallest practical field of view in order to maximize image detail, while performing the entire study in a clinically practical time period.
• T1-weighted spin-echo images are particularly important in the evaluation of bone marrow, whereas intermediate-weighted images should be avoided.
• Fat suppression must be applied when obtaining T2-weighted fast spin-echo images to demarcate tumor from surrounding bone marrow and edema.
• Administration of a gadolinium-chelate contrast material can provide useful information in characterization of bone lesions, as well as in assessment of response to therapy and detection of recurrent tumor.
• Various MR imaging artifacts need to be recognized and appropriate steps taken to minimize their occurrence during image acquisition.
• The signal characteristics of a bone lesion, combined with its demonstrated morphology, location, and anatomic relationships, provide essential information that facilitates state-ofthe-art patient care.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baere T de, Vanel D, Shapeero LG, Charpentier A, Terrier P, Paola M di (1992) Osteosarcoma after chemotherapy: evaluation with contrast material-enhanced subtraction MR imaging. Radiology 185:587−592
Baur A, Reiser MF (2000) Diffusion-weighted imaging of the musculoskeletal system in humans. Skeletal Radiol 29:555−562
Bitar R, Leung G, Perng R, Tadros S, Moody AR, Sarrazin J, McGregor C, Christakis M, Symons S, Nelson A, Roberts TP (2006) MR pulse sequences: what every radiologist wants to know but is afraid to ask. RadioGraphics 26:513−537
Bush CH (2000) The magnetic resonance imaging of musculoskeletal hemorrhage. Skeletal Radiol 29:1−9
Chang SD, Lee MJ, Munk PL, Janzen DL, MacKay A, Xiang QS (2001) MRI of spinal hardware: comparison of conventional T1-weighted sequence with a new metal artifact reduction sequence. Skeletal Radiol 30:213−218
Collidge TA, Thomson PC, Mark PB, Traynor JP, Jardine AG, Morris ST, Simpson K, Roditi GH (2007) Gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: retrospective study of a renal replacement therapy cohort. Radiology 245:168−175
Delfaut EM, Beltran J, Johnson G, Rousseau J, Marchandise X, Cotten A (1999) Fat suppression in MR imaging: techniques and pitfalls. RadioGraphics 19:373−382
Dick BW, Mitchell DG, Burk DL, Levy DW, Vinitski S, Rifkin M (1988) The effect of chemical shift misrepresentation on cortical bone thickness on MR imaging. Am J Roentgenol 151:537−538
Dyke JP, Panicek DM, Healey JH, Meyers PA, Huvos AG, Schwartz LH, Thaler HT, Tofts PS, Gorlick R, Koutcher JA, Ballon D (2003) Osteogenic and Ewing sarcomas: estimation of necrotic fraction during induction chemotherapy with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 228:271−278
Eustace S, Goldberg R, Williamson D, Melhem ER, Oladipo O, Yucel EK, Jara H (1997) MR imaging of soft tissues adjacent to orthopaedic hardware: techniques to minimize susceptibility artefact. Clin Radiol 52:589−594
Fayad LM, Bluemke DA, McCarthy EF, Weber KL, Barker PB, Jacobs MA (2006) Musculoskeletal tumors: use of proton MR spectroscopic imaging for characterization. J Magn Reson Imaging 23:23−28
Fayad LM, Barker PB, Jacobs MA, Eng J, Weber KL, Kulesza P, Bluemke DA (2007) Characterization of musculoskeletal lesions on 3-T proton MR spectroscopy. Am J Roentgenol 188:1513−1520
Feydy A, Anract P, Tomeno B, Chevrot A, Drapé J-L (2006) Assessment of vascular invasion by musculoskeletal tumors of the limbs: use of contrast-enhanced MR angiography. Radiology 238:611−621
Gold GE, Han E, Stainsby J, Wright G, Brittain J, Beaulieu C (2004) Musculoskeletal MRI at 3.0 T: relaxation times and image contrast. Am J Roentgenol 183:343−351
Hayashida Y, Yakushiji T, Awai K, Katahira K, Nakayama Y, Shimomura O, Kitajima M, Hirai T, Yamashita Y, Mizuta H (2006) Monitoring therapeutic responses of primary bone tumors by diffusion-weighted image: initial results. Eur Radiol 16:2637−2643
Hwang S, Panicek DM (2007a) Magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow in oncology, part 1. Skeletal Radiol 36:913−920
Hwang S, Panicek DM (2007b) Magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow in oncology, part 2. Skeletal Radiol 36:1017−1027
James SL, Hughes RJ, Ali KE, Saifuddin A (2006) MRI of bone marrow oedema associated with focal bone lesions. Clin Radiol 61:1003−1009
James SL, Panicek DM, Davies AM (2008) Bone marrow oedema associated with benign and malignant bone tumours. Eur J Radiol 67:11−21
Ladd ME (2007) High-field-strength magnetic resonance: potential and limits. Top Magn Reson Imaging 18:139−152
Mahnken AH, Nolte-Ernsting CC, Wildberger JE, Heussen N, Adam G, Wirtz DC, Piroth W, Bücker A, Biesterfeld S, Haage P, Günther RW (2003) Aneurysmal bone cyst: value of MR imaging and conventional radiography. Eur Radiol 13:1118−1124
Meyers PA, Gorlick R, Heller G, Casper E, Lane J, Huvos AG, Healey JH (1998) Intensification of preoperative chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma: results of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering (T12) protocol. J Clin Oncol 16:2452−2458
Mirowitz SA, Apicella P, Reinus WR, Hammerman AM (1994) MR imaging of bone marrow lesions: relative conspicuousness on T1-weighted, fat-suppressed T2-weighted, and STIR images. Am J Roentgenol 162:215−221
Petersilge CA, Lewin JS, Duerk JL, Yoo JU, Ghaneyem AJ (1996) Optimizing imaging parameters for MR evaluation of the spine with titanium pedicle screws. Am J Roentgenol 166:1213−1218
Sah PL, Sharma R, Kandpal H, Seith A, Rastogi S, Bandhu S, Jagannathan NR (2008) In vivo proton spectroscopy of giant cell tumor of the bone. Am J Roentgenol 190:W133−W139
Shabana WM, Cohan RH, Ellis JH, Hussain HK, Francis IR, Su LD, Mukherji SK, Swartz RD (2008) Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a report of 29 cases. Am J Roentgenol 190:736−741
Shuman WP, Patten RM, Baron RL, Liddell RM, Conrad EU, Richardson ML (1991) Comparison of STIR and spin-echo MR imaging at 1.5 T in 45 suspected extremity tumors: lesion conspicuity and extent. Radiology 179:247−252
Simpfendorfer CS, Ilaslan H, Davies AM, James SL, Obuchowski NA, Sundaram M (2008) Does the presence of focal normal marrow fat signal within a tumor on MRI exclude malignancy? An analysis of 184 histologically proven tumors of the pelvic and appendicular skeleton. Skeletal Radiol 37:797–804, 10.1007/s00256-008-0523-7
Suh JS, Jeong EK, Shin KH, Cho JH, JB Na, Kim DK, Han CD (1998) Minimizing artifacts caused by metallic implants at MR imaging: experimental and clinical studies. Am J Roentgenol 171:1207−1213
Van Dyck P, Vanhoenacker FM, Vogel J, Venstermans C, Kroon HM, Gielen J, Parizel PM, Bloem JL, De Schepper AM (2006) Prevalence, extension and characteristics of fluid-fluid levels in bone and soft tissue tumors. Eur Radiol 16:2644−2651
Vanel D, Bittoun J, Tardivon A (1998) MRI of bone metastases. Eur Radiol 8:1345−1351
Wang CK, Li CW, Hsieh TJ, Chien SH, Liu GC, Tsai KB (2004) Characterization of bone and soft-tissue tumors with in vivo 1H MR spectroscopy: initial results. Radiology 232:599−605
Zhuo J, Gullapalli RP (2006) MR artifacts, safety, and quality control. RadioGraphics 26:275−297
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hwang, S., Panicek, D. (2009). Imaging Techniques: Magnetic Resonance Imaging. In: Davies, A., Sundaram, M., James, S. (eds) Imaging of Bone Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77984-1_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77984-1_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-77982-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-77984-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)