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Osseous Tumors

  • Chapter
Imaging of Bone Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

Key Points

• Enostosis is overwhelmingly the most frequently encountered osseous lesion; one that possesses an imaging appearance which is almost always characteristic.

• Osteoma, while much rarer, also has diagnostic imaging features, and shares the same nonneoplastic classification.

• Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma are similar but distinct lesions with different clinical presentations and natural histories.

• The pain in osteoid osteoma is worse at night and relieved promptly by salicylates.

• Osteoblastoma occurs most commonly in the appendicular skeleton, with about one-third of cases arising in the spine, typically in the posterior elements, or in the posterior elements growing into the vertebral body.

• Osteosarcoma is the most common primary osseous malignancy (excluding multiple myeloma) and the most common nonhematologic malignancy.

• There are numerous subtypes of osteosarcoma with a wide spectrum of clinical and radiographic features.

• Conventional osteosarcoma is the most common subtype, and is typically in the metaphysis of long bones, with the knee being the most common skeletal site.

• Radiographs are frequently characteristic.

• MR imaging is essential for local staging and surgical and biopsy planning.

• CT scanning is a useful adjunct and especially helpful to demonstrate small areas of mineralized matrix.

• CT is also useful to assess lesions in areas with complex anatomy, such as the pelvis, spine, wrist, etc., and remains the modality of choice for evaluation of pulmonary metastases.

• Telangiectatic osteosarcoma is the subtype most likely to be confused with aneurysmal bone cyst and can be distinguished by identification of solid, viable tumor on contrast enhanced MR imaging.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, 32224-3899, Jacksonville, FL, USA

    Mark J. Kransdorf

  2. Department of Radiologic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 20306-6000, Washington, DC, USA

    Mark J. Kransdorf & Mark D. Murphey

  3. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, 20814-4799, Bethesda, MA, USA

    Mark D. Murphey

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  1. Mark J. Kransdorf
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. MRI Department, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Road South, Northfield, B31 2AP, Birmingham, UK

    A. Mark Davies

  2. Section of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Imaging Institute, Diagnostic Radiology/A21, School of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave., 44195, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Murali Sundaram

  3. Imaging Department, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Road South, Northfield, B31 2AP, Birmingham, UK

    Steven L. J. James

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Kransdorf, M., Murphey, M. (2009). Osseous Tumors. In: Davies, A., Sundaram, M., James, S. (eds) Imaging of Bone Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77984-1_14

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