Abstract
Trivalent rare earth and transition metal ions in insulating materials have been the topic of extensive investigations over the years due to their application as active ions in solid-state lasers. In lithium niobate (LiNbO3) with its favorable nonlinear and electro-optical properties, Er ions and other rare earth ions have been utilized in integrated optical lasers and optical amplifiers.
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Dierolf, V., Sandmann, C. (2009). Light Aided Domain Patterning and Rare Earth Emission Based Imaging of Ferroelectric Domains. In: Ferraro, P., Grilli, S., De Natale, P. (eds) Ferroelectric Crystals for Photonic Applications. Springer Series in Materials Science, vol 91. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77965-0_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77965-0_6
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