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Lithium Niobate Whispering Gallery Resonators: Applications and Fundamental Studies

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Ferroelectric Crystals for Photonic Applications

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Materials Science ((SSMATERIALS,volume 91))

Abstract

Optical whispering gallery modes (WGMs) are closed circulating electromagnetic waves undergoing total internal reflection inside an axio-symmetric body of a transparent dielectric that forms a resonator. Radiative losses are negligible in these modes if the radius of the resonator exceeds several tens of wavelengths, and surface scattering losses can be made small with surface conditioning techniques. Thus, the quality factor (Q) in crystalline WGM resonators is limited by material losses that are, nevertheless, extremely small in optical materials. WGM resonators made of LiNbO3 have been successfully used in optics and microwave photonics. The resonators are characterized by narrow bandwidth, in the hundred kilohertz to gigahertz range. A proper choice of highly transparent and/or nonlinear resonator material, like lithium niobate, allows for realization of a number of high performance devices: tunable and multi-pole filters, resonant electro-optic modulators, photonic microwave receivers, opto-electronic microwave oscillators, and parametric frequency converters, among others.

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  1. L. Maleki
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  2. A. B. Matsko
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  1. CNR, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Applicata, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuali, Italy

    Pietro Ferraro , Simonetta Grilli  & Paolo De Natale ,  & 

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Maleki, L., Matsko, A.B. (2009). Lithium Niobate Whispering Gallery Resonators: Applications and Fundamental Studies. In: Ferraro, P., Grilli, S., De Natale, P. (eds) Ferroelectric Crystals for Photonic Applications. Springer Series in Materials Science, vol 91. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77965-0_13

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