Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Fundamentals of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine pp 411–427Cite as

Pancreas Engineering

  • Chapter

  • 4611 Accesses

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most diffuse and destructive diseases. It affects more than 190 million individuals in the world and is the fifth leading killer of Americans, with 73,000 deaths every year. Diabetes is a disease in which the body’s failure to regulate glucose can lead to serious and even fatal complications. The incidence of diabetes has increased by 61% since 1991. The increasing prevalence and huge cost, exceeding 100 billion dollars annually in the United States, create the need for innovative research in this field [1]. There are two forms of diabetes, type I and type II, which differ in their pathogenesis. Type I is an autoimmune disease, presenting primarily during the first two decades of life and resulting from the destruction of insulin-producing β cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Type II generally presents in adults, is characterized by insulin resistance in the tissues and eventually β-cell failure in about 50% of the cases. In both types of diabetes the islets of Langerhans are the targets of destruction [2, 3].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Hogan, P., T. Dall, and P. Nikolov. 2003. Economic costs of diabetes in the US in 2002. Diabetes Care 26:917–932

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Calne, R. 2005. Cell transplantation for diabetes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 360:1769–1774

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Peck, A.B., and V. Ramiya. 2004. In vitro-generation of surrogate islets from adult stem cells. Transpl Immunol 12:259–272

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kelly, W.D., R.C. Lillehei, F.K. Merkel, Y. Idezuki, and F.C. Goetz. 1967. Allotransplantation of the pancreas and duodenum along with the kidney in diabetic nephropathy. Surgery 61:827–837

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. CITR Coordinating Center CITR Annual Report 2007 NIH Bethesda, MD 2007

    Google Scholar 

  6. Najarian J, DER Sutherland and M. Steffes. 1975 Isolation of Human islets of Langerhans for Transplantation, Transplant Proc 7:611–13

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bretzel, R.G., H. Jahr, M. Eckhard, I. Martin, D. Winter, and M.D. Brendel. 2007. Islet cell transplantation today. Langenbecks Arch Surg 392:239–253

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Ryan, E.A., J.R. Lakey, B.W. Paty, S. Imes, G.S. Korbutt, N.M. Kneteman, D. Bigam, R.V. Rajotte, and A.M. Shapiro. 2002. Successful islet transplantation: continued insulin reserve provides long-term glycemic control. Diabetes 51:2148–2157

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bromberg, J.S., B. Kaplan, P.F. Halloran, and R.P. Robertson. 2007. The islet transplant experiment: time for a reassessment. Am J Transplant 7:2217–2218

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ciubotariu, R., Z. Liu, A.I. Colovai, E. Ho, S. Itescu, S. Ravalli, M.A. Hardy, R. Cortesini, E.A. Rose, and N. Suciu-Foca. 1998. Persistent allopeptide reactivity and epitope spreading in chronic rejection of organ allografts. J Clin Invest 101:398–405

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Vlad, G., R. Cortesini, and N. Suciu-Foca. 2005. License to heal: bidirectional interaction of antigen-specific regulatory T cells and tolerogenic APC. J Immunol 174:5907–5914

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Inverardi, L., N.S. Kenyon, and C. Ricordi. 2003. Islet transplantation: immunological perspectives. Curr Opin Immunol 15:507–511

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Klein, D., F. Barbe-Tuana, A. Pugliese, H. Ichii, D. Garza, M. Gonzalez, R.D. Molano, C. Ricordi, and R.L. Pastori. 2005. A functional CD40 receptor is expressed in pancreatic beta cells. Diabetologia 48:268–276

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Molano, R.D., A. Pileggi, T. Berney, R. Poggioli, E. Zahr, R. Oliver, C. Ricordi, D.M. Rothstein, G.P. Basadonna, and L. Inverardi. 2003. Prolonged islet allograft survival in diabetic NOD mice by targeting CD45RB and CD154. Diabetes 52:957–964

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Kenyon, N.S., M. Chatzipetrou, M. Masetti, A. Ranuncoli, M. Oliveira, J.L. Wagner, A.D. Kirk, D.M. Harlan, L.C. Burkly, and C. Ricordi. 1999. Long-term survival and function of intrahepatic islet allografts in rhesus monkeys treated with humanized anti-CD154. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:8132–8137

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Berney, T., A. Pileggi, R.D. Molano, R. Poggioli, E. Zahr, C. Ricordi, and L. Inverardi. 2003. The effect of simultaneous CD154 and LFA-1 blockade on the survival of allogeneic islet grafts in nonobese diabetic mice. Transplantation 76:1669–1674

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Molano, R.D., A. Pileggi, T. Berney, R. Poggioli, E. Zahr, R. Oliver, T.R. Malek, C. Ricordi, and L. Inverardi. 2003. Long-term islet allograft survival in nonobese diabetic mice treated with tacrolimus, rapamycin, and anti-interleukin-2 antibody. Transplantation 75:1812–1819

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gregori, S., P. Mangia, R. Bacchetta, E. Tresoldi, F. Kolbinger, C. Traversari, J.M. Carballido, J.E. de Vries, U. Korthauer, and M.G. Roncarolo. 2005. An anti-CD45RO/RB monoclonal antibody modulates T cell responses via induction of apoptosis and generation of regulatory T cells. J Exp Med 201:1293–1305

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Gudjonsson, J.E., A. Johnston, M. Dyson, H. Valdimarsson, and J.T. Elder. 2007. Mouse models of psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 127:1292–1308

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Shultz, L.D., F. Ishikawa, and D.L. Greiner. 2007. Humanized mice in translational biomedical research. Nat Rev Immunol 7:118–130

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Soria, B., E. Roche, G. Berna, T. Leon-Quinto, J.A. Reig, and F. Martin. 2000. Insulin-secreting cells derived from embryonic stem cells normalize glycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Diabetes 49:157–162

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Alexander, A.M., M. Crawford, S. Bertera, W.A. Rudert, O. Takikawa, P.D. Robbins, and M. Trucco. 2002. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in transplanted NOD Islets prolongs graft survival after adoptive transfer of diabetogenic splenocytes. Diabetes 51:356–365

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Bertera, S., A.M. Alexander, M.L. Crawford, G. Papworth, S.C. Watkins, P.D. Robbins, and M. Trucco. 2004. Gene combination transfer to block autoimmune damage in transplanted islets of Langerhans. Exp Diabesity Res 5:201–210

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Bertera, S., X. Gene, Z. Tawadrous, R. Bottino, A.N. Balanumrugan, W.A. Rudert, P. Drain, S.C. Watkins, M. Trucco. 2003. Body window-enabled in vivo multicolor imaging of transplanted mouse islets expressing an insulin-Timer fusion protein. Biotechniques 35:718–722

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Rehman, K.K., S. Bertera, M. Trucco, A. Gambotto, and P.D. Robbins. 2007. Immunomodulation by adenoviral-mediated SCD40-Ig gene therapy for mouse allogeneic islet transplantation. Transplantation 84:301–307

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Roche, E., J.A. Reig, A. Campos, B. Paredes, J.R. Isaac, S. Lim, R.Y. Calne, and B. Soria. 2005. Insulin-secreting cells derived from stem cells: clinical perspectives, hypes and hopes. Transpl Immunol 15:113–129

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Shufaro, Y., and B.E. Reubinoff. 2004. Therapeutic applications of embryonic stem cells. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 18:909–927

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Koh, C.J., and A. Atala. 2004. Therapeutic cloning applications for organ transplantation. Transpl Immunol 12:193–201

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Armstrong, L., and M. Lako. 2006. The future of human nuclear transfer? Stem Cell Rev 2:351–358

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Takahashi, K., K. Tanabe, M. Ohnuki, M. Narita, T. Ichisaka, K. Tomoda, and S. Yamanaka. 2007. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell 131:861–872

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Yu, J. M.A. Vodyanik, K. Smuga-Otto, J. Antosiewicz-Bourget, J.L. Frane, S. Tian, J. Nie, G.A. Jonsdottir, V. Ruotti, R. Stewart, I.I. Slukvin, and J.A. Thomson. 2007. Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells. Science 318:1917–1920

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Lock, L.T., and E.S. Tzanakakis. 2007. Stem/Progenitor cell sources of insulin-producing cells for the treatment of diabetes. Tissue Eng 13:1399–1412

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Radvanyi, F., S. Christgau, S. Baekkeskov, C. Jolicoeur, and D. Hanahan. 1993. Pancreatic beta cells cultured from individual preneoplastic foci in a multistage tumorigenesis pathway: a potentially general technique for isolating physiologically representative cell lines. Mol Cell Biol 13:4223–4232

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Kubo, S., H.K. Takahashi, M. Takei, H. Iwagaki, T. Yoshino, N. Tanaka, S. Mori, and M. Nishibori. 2004. E-prostanoid (EP)2/EP4 receptor-dependent maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and induction of helper T2 polarization. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 309:1213–1220

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Yasunaga, M., S. Tada, S. Torikai-Nishikawa, Y. Nakano, M. Okada, L.M. Jakt, S. Nishikawa, T. Chiba, and T. Era. 2005. Induction and monitoring of definitive and visceral endoderm differentiation of mouse ES cells. Nat Biotechnol 23:1542–1550

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. D’Amour, K.A., A.D. Agulnick, S. Eliazer, O.G. Kelly, E. Kroon, and E.E. Baetge. 2005. Efficient differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to definitive endoderm. Nat Biotechnol 23:1534–1541

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Falqui, L., S. Martinenghi, G.M. Severini, P. Corbella, M.V. Taglietti, C. Arcelloni, E. Sarugeri, L.D. Monti, R. Paroni, N. Dozio, G. Pozza, and C. Bordignon. 1999. Reversal of diabetes in mice by implantation of human fibroblasts genetically engineered to release mature human insulin. Hum Gene Ther 10:1753–1762

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Cheung, A.T., B. Dayanandan, J.T. Lewis, G.S. Korbutt, R.V. Rajotte, M. Bryer-Ash, M.O. Boylan, M.M. Wolfe, and T.J. Kieffer. 2000. Glucose-dependent insulin release from genetically engineered K cells. Science 290:1959–1962

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Yang, L., S. Li, H. Hatch, K. Ahrens, J.G. Cornelius, B.E. Petersen, and A.B. Peck. 2002. In vitro trans-differentiation of adult hepatic stem cells into pancreatic endocrine hormone-producing cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:8078–8083

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Peck, A.B., J.G. Cornelius, D. Schatz, and V.K. Ramiya. 2002. Generation of islets of Langerhans from adult pancreatic stem cells. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 9:704–709

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Cornelius, J.G., V. Tchernev, K.J. Kao, and A.B. Peck. 1997. In vitro-generation of islets in long-term cultures of pluripotent stem cells from adult mouse pancreas. Horm Metab Res 29:271–277

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Ramiya, V.K., M. Maraist, K.E. Arfors, D.A. Schatz, A.B. Peck, and J.G. Cornelius. 2000. Reversal of insulin-dependent diabetes using islets generated in vitro from pancreatic stem cells. Nat Med 6:278–282

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Bonner-Weir, S., M. Taneja, G.C. Weir, K. Tatarkiewicz, K.H. Song, A. Sharma, and J.J. O’Neil. 2000. In vitro cultivation of human islets from expanded ductal tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:7999–8004

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Hess, D., L. Li, M. Martin, S. Sakano, D. Hill, B. Strutt, S. Thyssen, D.A. Gray, and M. Bhatia. 2003. Bone marrow-derived stem cells initiate pancreatic regeneration. Nat Biotechnol 21:763–770

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Mathews, V., P.T. Hanson, E. Ford, J. Fujita, K.S. Polonsky, and T.A. Graubert. 2004. Recruitment of bone marrow-derived endothelial cells to sites of pancreatic beta-cell injury. Diabetes 53:91–98

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Zhao, Y., H. Wang, and T. Mazzone. 2006. Identification of stem cells from human umbilical cord blood with embryonic and hematopoietic characteristics. Exp Cell Res 312:2454–2464

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Kodama, S., W. Kuhtreiber, S. Fujimura, E.A. Dale, and D.L. Faustman. 2003. Islet regeneration during the reversal of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Science 302:1223–1227

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Timper, K., D. Seboek, M. Eberhardt, P. Linscheid, M. Christ-Crain, U. Keller, B. Muller, and H. Zulewski. 2006. Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into insulin, somatostatin, and glucagon expressing cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 341:1135–1140

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Hisatomi, Y., K. Okumura, K. Nakamura, S. Matsumoto, A. Satoh, K. Nagano, T. Yamamoto, and F. Endo. 2004. Flow cytometric isolation of endodermal progenitors from mouse salivary gland differentiate into hepatic and pancreatic lineages. Hepatology 39:667–675

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Hori, Y., X. Gu, X. Xie, and S.K. Kim. 2005. Differentiation of insulin-producing cells from human neural progenitor cells. PLoS Med 2:e103

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Colton, C.K. 1995. Implantable biohybrid artificial organs. Cell Transplant 4:415–436

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Ryan, E.A., D. Bigam, and A.M. Shapiro. 2006. Current indications for pancreas or islet transplant. Diabetes Obes Metab 8:1–7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Calafiore, R. 1997. Perspectives in pancreatic and islet cell transplantation for the therapy of IDDM. Diabetes Care 20:889–896

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Valdes-Gonzalez, R.A., L.M. Dorantes, G.N. Garibay, E. Bracho-Blanchet, A.J. Mendez, R. Davila-Perez, R.B. Elliott, L. Teran, and D.J. White. 2005. Xenotransplantation of porcine neonatal islets of Langerhans and Sertoli cells: a 4-year study. Eur J Endocrinol 153:419–427

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Mendez, A.J., L. Inverardi, C. Ricordi, and N.S. Kenyon. 2007. The Miami results on porcine islet-Sertoli cell xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 14:89

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Toso, C., Z. Mathe, P. Morel, J. Oberholzer, D. Bosco, D. Sainz-Vidal, D. Hunkeler, L.H. Buhler, C. Wandrey, and T. Berney. 2005. Effect of microcapsule composition and short-term immunosuppression on intraportal biocompatibility. Cell Transplant 14:159–167

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Basta, G., P. Sarchielli, G. Luca, L. Racanicchi, C. Nastruzzi, L. Guido, F. Mancuso, G. Macchiarulo, G. Calabrese, P. Brunetti, and R. Calafiore. 2004. Optimized parameters for microencapsulation of pancreatic islet cells: an in vitro study clueing on islet graft immunoprotection in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Transpl Immunol 13:289–296

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Orive, G., R.M. Hernandez, A.R. Gascon, R. Calafiore, T.M. Chang, P. De Vos, G. Hortelano, D. Hunkeler, I. Lacik, A.M. Shapiro, and J.L. Pedraz. 2003. Cell encapsulation: promise and progress. Nat Med 9:104–107

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Desai, T.A., W.H. Chu, G. Rasi, P. Sinibaldi-Vallebona, E. Guarino, and M. Ferrari. 1999. Microfabricated biocapsules provide short-term immunoisolation of insulinoma xenografts. Biomed Microdevices 1:131–138

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Duvivier-Kali, V.F., A. Omer, R.J. Parent, J.J. O’Neil, and G.C. Weir. 2001. Complete protection of islets against allorejection and autoimmunity by a simple barium-alginate membrane. Diabetes 50:1698–1705

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Luca, G., C. Nastruzzi, M. Calvitti, E. Becchetti, T. Baroni, L.M. Neri, S. Capitani, G. Basta, P. Brunetti, and R. Calafiore. 2005. Accelerated functional maturation of isolated neonatal porcine cell clusters: in vitro and in vivo results in NOD mice. Cell Transplant 14:249–261

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Patience, C., Y. Takeuchi, and R.A. Weiss. 1997. Infection of human cells by an endogenous retrovirus of pigs. Nat Med 3:282–286

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Fishman, J.A., and C. Patience. 2004. Xenotransplantation: infectious risk revisited. Am J Transplant 4:1383–1390

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Elliott, R.B., L. Escobar, O. Garkavenko, M.C. Croxson, B.A. Schroeder, M. McGregor, G. Ferguson, N. Beckman, and S. Ferguson. 2000. No evidence of infection with porcine endogenous retrovirus in recipients of encapsulated porcine islet xenografts. Cell Transplant 9:895–901

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Pakhomov, O., L. Martignat, J. Honiger, B. Clemenceau, P. Sai, and S. Darquy. 2005. AN69 hollow fiber membrane will reduce but not abolish the risk of transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses. Cell Transplant 14:749–756

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Ricci, M., P. Blasi, S. Giovagnoli, C. Rossi, G. Macchiarulo, G. Luca, G. Basta, and R. Calafiore. 2005. Ketoprofen controlled release from composite microcapsules for cell encapsulation: effect on post-transplant acute inflammation. J Control Release 107:395–407

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Luca, G., C. Nastruzzi, G. Basta, A. Brozzetti, A. Saturni, D. Mughetti, M. Ricci, C. Rossi, P. Brunetti, and R. Calafiore. 2000. Effects of anti-oxidizing vitamins on in vitro cultured porcine neonatal pancreatic islet cells. Diabetes Nutr Metab 13:301–307

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Calafiore, R., G. Basta, G. Luca, A. Lemmi, M.P. Montanucci, G. Calabrese, L. Racanicchi, F. Mancuso, and P. Brunetti. 2006. Microencapsulated pancreatic islet allografts into nonimmunosuppressed patients with type 1 diabetes: first two cases. Diabetes Care 29:137–138

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Lum, Z.P., I.T. Tai, M. Krestow, J. Norton, I. Vacek, and A.M. Sun. 1991. Prolonged reversal of diabetic state in NOD mice by xenografts of microencapsulated rat islets. Diabetes 40:1511–1516

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Sun, Y., X. Ma, D. Zhou, I. Vacek, and A.M. Sun. 1996. Normalization of diabetes in spontaneously diabetic cynomologus monkeys by xenografts of microencapsulated porcine islets without immunosuppression. J Clin Invest 98:1417–1422

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Dufour, J.M., R.V. Rajotte, M. Zimmerman, A. Rezania, T. Kin, D.E. Dixon, and G.S. Korbutt. 2005. Development of an ectopic site for islet transplantation, using biodegradable scaffolds. Tissue Eng 11:1323–1331

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Thanos, C.G., R. Calafiore, G. Basta, B.E. Bintz, W.J. Bell, J. Hudak, A. Vasconcellos, P. Schneider, S.J. Skinner, M. Geaney, P. Tan, R.B. Elliot, M. Tatnell, L. Escobar, H. Qian, E. Mathiowitz, and D.F. Emerich. 2007. Formulating the alginate-polyornithine biocapsule for prolonged stability: evaluation of composition and manufacturing technique. J Biomed Mater Res A 83:216–224

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Hammerman, M.R. 2004. Organogenesis of endocrine pancreas from transplanted embryonic anlagen. Transpl Immunol 12:249–258

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Rogers, S.A., H. Liapis, and M.R. Hammerman. 2003. Intraperitoneal transplantation of pancreatic anlagen. ASAIO J 49:527–532

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Rogers, S.A., F. Chen, M.R. Talcott, C. Faulkner, J.M. Thomas, M. Thevis, and M.R. Hammerman. 2007. Long-term engraftment following transplantation of pig pancreatic primordia into non-immunosuppressed diabetic rhesus macaques. Xenotransplantation 14:591–602

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Auchincloss, H., and J.V. Bonventre. 2002. Transplanting cloned cells into therapeutic promise. Nat Biotechnol 20:665–666

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Columbia University, 630 West 168 Street, P&S 14-401, 10032, New York, NY, USA

    Raffaello Cortesini

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Via E. Dal Pozzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy

    Riccardo Calafiore

Authors
  1. Raffaello Cortesini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Riccardo Calafiore
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Clinic for Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Ulrich Meyer  & Jörg Handschel  & 

  2. Department of Experimental Maxillofacial Surgery, Biomineralisation and Tissue Engineering Group, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 30, 48149, Münster, Germany

    Hans Peter Wiesmann

  3. Department of Internal Medicine – Cardiology, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstraße 1, 35033, Marburg, Germany

    Thomas Meyer

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cortesini, R., Calafiore, R. (2009). Pancreas Engineering. In: Meyer, U., Handschel, J., Wiesmann, H., Meyer, T. (eds) Fundamentals of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77755-7_31

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77755-7_31

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-77754-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-77755-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation