Skip to main content
  • 4619 Accesses

Abstract

The field of stem cell plasticity, by which most commentators and investigators mean plasticity of adult stem cells, was opened to great fanfare with the publication of three papers in Science in the last 2 years of the prior millennium. This trio, taken together, was trumpeted by Science as the “Breakthrough of the Year” for 1999 and showed that stem cells deriving from one organ were not only not restricted to producing cells of that organ (so, e.g., marrow-derived cells could become skeletal muscle) but were also not restricted to their embryonic germ layer of origin (neural stem cells produced blood and marrowderived stem cells produced liver) [1–3].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Bjornson CR, Rietze RL, Reynolds BA, et al (1999) Turning brain into blood: a hematopoietic fate adopted by adult neural stem cells in vivo. Science 283: 534–537

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ferrari G, Cusella-De Angelis G, Coletta M, et al. Muscle regeneration by bone marrow-derived myogenic progenitors. Science 279: 1528–1530 (1998)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Petersen BE, Bowen WC, Patrene KD, et al (1999) Bone marrow as a potential source of hepatic oval cells. Science 284: 1168–1170

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Theise ND (2003) Stem cell research: elephants in the room. Mayo Clinic Proc 78: 1004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Herzog EL, Chai L, Krause DS (2003) Plasticity of marrow-derived stem cells. Blood 102: 3483–93

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Theise ND, Wilmut I (2003) Cell plasticity: flexible arrangement. Nature 425: 21

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Brockes JP, Kumar A (2005) Appendage regeneration in adult vertebrates and implications for regenerative medicine. Science 310: 1919–23

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Theise ND, Krause DS (2002) Toward a new paradigm of cell differentation capacity. Leukemia 16: 542–548

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Han M, Yang X, Farrington JE, et al (2003) Digit regeneration is regulated by Msx1 and BMP4 in fetal mice. Development 130: 5123–32

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hampton DW, Seitz A, Chen P, et al (2004) CNS response to injury in the MRL/MpJ mouse. Neuroscience 127: 821–32

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Heber-Katz E, Chen P, Clark L, et al (2004) Regeneration in MRL mice: further genetic loci controlling the ear hole closure trait using MRL and M.m. Castaneus mice. Wound Repair Regen 12: 384–92

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Alvarez-Dolado M, Pardal R, Garcia-Verdugo JM, et al (2003) Fusion of bone-marrow-derived cells with Purkinje neurons, cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes. Nature 425: 968–73

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Harris RG, Herzog EL, Bruscia EM, et al (2004) Lack of a fusion requirement for development of bone marrow-derived epithelia. Science 305: 90–3

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Newsome PN, Johannessen I, Boyle S, et al (2003) Human cord blood-derived cells can differentiate into hepatocytes in the mouse liver with no evidence of cellular fusion. Gastroenterology 124: 1891–900

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Quintana-Bustamane O, Albarez-Barrientos A, Kofman AV, et al (2006) Hematopoietic mobilization in mice increases the presence of bone marrow-derived hepatocytes via in vivo cell fusion. Hepatology 43: 108–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Willenbring H, Grompe M (2003) Embryonic versus adult stem cell pluripotency: in liver only fusion matters. J Assist Reprod Genet 20: 393–4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Theise ND (2003) New principles of cell plasticity. Comptes Rendus Biologies (Academie des Sciences, Paris) 325: 1039–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Theise ND, Krause DS (2001) Suggestions for a new paradigm of cell differentiative potential. Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases 27: 625–631

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Campbell KH, McWhir J, Ritchie WA, et al (1996) Sheep cloned by nuclear transfer from a cultured cell line. Nature 380: 64–66

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Eggan K, Akutsu H, Hochedlinger K, Rideout W 3rd, Yanagimachi R, Jaenisch R X-chromosome inactivation in cloned mouse embryos. Science 290: 1578–1581 (2000)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Theise ND (2006) Implications of “post-modern biology” for pathology: the cell doctrine. Lab Invest 86: 335–44

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Theise ND, Harris R (2006) Postmodern biology: (adult) (stem) cells are plastic, stochastic, complex, and uncertain. Handb Exp Pharmacol 174: 389–408

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Okita K, Ichisaka T, Yamanaka S (2007) Generation of germline-competent induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 448: 313–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Takahashi K, Yamanaka S (2006) Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell 126: 663–76

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Wernig M, Meissner A, Foreman R, et al (2007) In vitro reprogramming of fibroblasts into a pluripotent ES-cell-like state. Nature 448: 318–24

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Chen S, Takanashi S, Zhang Q, et al (2007) Reversine increases the plasticity of lineage-committed mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104: 10482–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Potten CS, Loeffler M (1990) Stem cells: attributes, cycles, spirals, pitfalls and uncertainties. Lessons for and from the crypt. Development 110: 1001–1020

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Lewontin R (2000) It ain’t necessarily so: The dream of the human genome and other illusions. New York Review of Books, New York

    Google Scholar 

  29. Kaern M, Elston TC, Blake WJ, et al (2005) Stochasticity in gene expression: from theories to phenotypes. Nat Rev Genet 6: 451–464

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Bornfleth H, Edelmann P, Zink D, et al (1999) Quantitative motion analysis of subchromosomal foci in living cells using four-dimensional microscopy. Biophys J 77, 2871–2886 (1999)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Kurakin A (2005) Self-organization vs Watchmaker: stochastic gene expression and cell differentiation. Dev Genes Evol 215: 46–52

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Theise ND (2005) Experimental design and discourse in adult stem cell plasticity. Stem Cell Reviews 1: 9–14

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Theise ND, Nimmakayalu M, Gardner R, et al (2000) Liver from bone marrow in humans. Hepatology 32: 11–16

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Menthena A, Deb N, Oertel M, et al (2004) Bone marrow progenitors are not the source of expanding oval cells in injured liver. Stem Cells 22: 1049–61

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Wang X, Foster M, Al-Dhalimy M, et al (2003) The origin and liver repopulating capacity of murine oval cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 100 Suppl 1: 11881–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Oh SH, Witek RP, Bae SH, et al (2007) Bone marrow-derived hepatic oval cells differentiate into hepatocytes in 2-acetylaminofluorene/partial hepatectomy-induced liver regeneration. Gastroenterology 132: 1077–87

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Hatch HM, Zheng D, Jorgensen ML, et al (2002) SDF-1alpha/CXCR4: a mechanism for hepatic oval cell activation and bone marrow stem cell recruitment to the injured liver of rats. Cloning Stem Cells 4: 339–51

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Kollet O, Shivtiel S, Chen YQ, et al (2003) HGF, SDF-1, and MMP-9 are involved in stress-induced human CD34?+ stem cell recruitment to the liver. J Clin Invest 112: 160–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Kucia M, Wojakowski W, Reca R, et al (2006) The migration of bone marrow-derived non-hematopoietic tissue-committed stem cells is regulated in an SDF-1-, HGF-, and LIF-dependent manner. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 54: 121–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Shyu WC, Lin SZ, Yen PS, et al (2007) Stromal cell-derived factor 1α promotes neuroprotection, angiogenesis and mobilization/homing of bone marrow-derived cells in stroke rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther [Epub ahead of print]

    Google Scholar 

  41. Swenson ES, Kuwahara R, Krause DS, et al (2008) Physiological variations of stem cell factor and stromal-derived factor-1 in murine models of liver injury and regeneration. Liver International [In press]

    Google Scholar 

  42. Herzog EL, Van Arnam J, Hu B, et al (2006) Threshold of lung injury required for the appearance of marrow-derived lung epithelia. Stem Cells 24: 1986–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Krause DS, Theise ND, Collector MI, et al (2001) Multi-organ, multi-lineage engraftment by a single bone marrow-derived stem cell. Cell 105: 369–377.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Swenson ES, Price JG, Brazelton T, et al (2007) Limitations of green fluorescent protein as a cell lineage marker. Stem Cells 25: 2593–600

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Chamberlain J, Yamagami T, Colletti E, et al (2007) Efficient generation of human hepatocytes by the intrahepatic delivery of clonal human mesenchymal stem cells in fetal sheep. Hepatology 46: 1935–45

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Cogle CR, Theise ND, Fu DT, et al (2007) Bone marrow contributes to epithelial cancers in mice and humans as developmental mimicry. Stem Cells 25: 1881–1887

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. De Bari C, Dell’Accio F, Vanlauwe J, Eyckmans J, Khan IM, Archer CW, Jones EA, McGonagle D, Mitsiadis TA, Pitzalis C, Luyten FP. Mesenchymal multipotency of adult human periosteal cells demonstrated by single-cell lineage analysis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Apr;54(4):1209–21

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Grant MB, May WS, Caballero S, et al (2002) Adult hematopoietic stem cells provide functional hemangioblast activity during retinal neovascularization. Nat Med 8: 607–12

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Halleux C, Sottile V, Gasser JA, et al (2001) Multi-lineage potential of human mesenchymal stem cells following clonal expansion. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2: 71–6

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Jang YY, Collector MI, Baylin SB, et al (2004) Hematopoietic stem cells convert into liver cells within days without fusion. Nat Cell Biol 6: 532–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Jiang Y, Jahagirdar BN, Reinhardt RL, et al (2002) Pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult marrow. Nature 418: 41–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Kawada H, Fujita J, Kinjo K, et al (2004) Nonhematopoietic mesenchymal stem cells can be mobilized and differentiate into cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction. Blood 104: 3581–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Keene CD, Ortiz-Gonzalez XR, Jiang Y, et al (2003) Neural differentiation and incorporation of bone marrow-derived multipotent adult progenitor cells after single cell transplantation into blastocyst stage mouse embryos. Cell Transplant 12: 201–13

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Lange C, Bassler P, Lioznov MV (2005) Liver-specific gene expression in mesenchymal stem cells is induced by liver cells. World J Gastroenterol 11: 4497–504

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Spees JL, Olson SD, Ylostalo J, et al (2003) Differentiation, cell fusion, and nuclear fusion during ex vivo repair of epithelium by human adult stem cells from bone marrow stroma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100: 2397–402

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Tropel P, Platet N, Platel JC, et al (2006) Functional neuronal differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells 24: 2868–76

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Yoon YS, Wecker A, Heyd L, et al (2005) Clonally expanded novel multipotent stem cells from human bone marrow regenerate myocardium after myocardial infarction. J Clin Invest 115: 326–38

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Wagers AJ, Sherwood RI, Christensen JL, et al (2002) Little evidence for developmental plasticity of adult hematopoietic stem cells. Science 297: 2256–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Helen Blau, Tim Brazelton, Gilmor Keshet, et al (2002) Something in the Eye of the Beholder. Science 298: 361–363

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Theise ND, Krause DS, Sharkis S (2003) Comments on: “Little evidence for stem cell plasticity.” Science 299: 1317

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Amy J. Wagers, Richard I. Sherwood, et al (2003) Response to Comment on “Little Evidence for Developmental Plasticity of Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cells” Science 299: 1318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Fox, C (2007) Cell of cells: the global race to capture and control the stem cell. W. W. Norton and Company, New York, p 31

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Theise, N. (2009). Stem Cell Plasticity: Validation Versus Valedictory. In: Meyer, U., Handschel, J., Wiesmann, H., Meyer, T. (eds) Fundamentals of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77755-7_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77755-7_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-77754-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-77755-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics