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Biogeographical distribution of Hyrrokkin (Rosalinidae, Foraminifera) and its host-specific morphological and textural trace variability

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Book cover Current Developments in Bioerosion

Part of the book series: Erlangen Earth Conference Series ((ERLANGEN))

Abstract

The parasitic foraminifer Hyrrokkin sarcophagapredominantly infests the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusaand the co-occurring bivalve Acesta excavata, showing a commensal or parasitic behaviour. It occurs also on some other corals (e.g., Caryophyllia sarsiae), bivalves (e.g., Delectopecten vitreus) and sponges (Geodiasp.), typically in aphotic environments. The aim of the study is to describe its traces from various host substrates, to characterise its parasitic behaviour and to map the geographical distribution of the genus Hyrrokkin. Epoxy-resin casts of H. sarcophagatraces in A. excavata C. sarsiae, D. vitreusand L. pertusa,and of H. carnivoratraces in A. excavata, were SEM analysed. The boring pattern is in all cases characterised by a shallow groove of up to 7 mm in diameter (max. 2 mm deep), from which ‘whip’-shaped extensions protrude vertically into the substrate. In A. excavatathe foraminifer can penetrate the entire valve to the mantle cavity, producing a thick shaft of fused ‘whips’. This parasitic attack is answered by a strong callus formation of the mollusc. One individual foraminifer can repeatedly bypass the organic-rich callus, resulting in a thick aragonite pinnacle. The trace surface texture is xenoglyph and changes with the penetrated host-microstructures. This is especially obvious on deeply penetrating trace portions (e.g., ‘whip’-shaped filaments) and is a strong indication for a chemical penetration mode (etching). The trace of Hyrrokkin is described as Kardopomorphos polydioryxigen. n., isp. n. On the substrates without the shaft, related to parasitic behaviour, Hyrrokkinmight feed directly on adjacent external host tissue. H. sarcophagais known along the North Atlantic continental margin from polar to subtropical latitudes and H. carnivoraoccurs on the continental margin of Mauritania, Congo and Guinea. In the Mediterranean we could document the parasitism of H. sarcophagafrom Last Glacial A. excavata.Traces or detached foraminifer tests occur in Early Pleistocene cold-water coral deposits on Sicily and Rhodes. Recent H. sarcophagahas not been observed above 11°C and is scarce near 5°C water temperature. Hyrrokkinsp. was reported from the Canadian Pacific on fossil sponges and was observed on Acesta patagonicain the Beagle Channel (Chile).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Palaeontology, Erlangen University, 91054 Erlangen, Germany

    Lydia Beuck, Matthias López Correa & André Freiwald

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  1. Lydia Beuck
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  2. Matthias López Correa
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  1. Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Inst. Paläontologie, Loewenichstr. 28, 91054 Erlangen, Germany

    Max Wisshak

  2. Dept. Geosciences, Idaho State University, 921 S. 8th Ave., Stop 8072 Pocatello ID 83209-8072, USA

    Leif Tapanila

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Beuck, L., Correa, M.L., Freiwald, A. (2008). Biogeographical distribution of Hyrrokkin (Rosalinidae, Foraminifera) and its host-specific morphological and textural trace variability. In: Wisshak, M., Tapanila, L. (eds) Current Developments in Bioerosion. Erlangen Earth Conference Series. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77598-0_17

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