Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography

  • Chapter
Optical Coherence Tomography

Part of the book series: Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering ((BIOMEDICAL))

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an interferometric technique capable of noninvasive high-resolution cross-sectional imaging by measuring the intensity of light reflected from within the tissue [1]. This results in a noncontact imaging modality that provides images similar in scale and geometry to histology. Just as different stains can be used to enhance the contrast in histology, various extensions of OCT allow for visualization of features not readily apparent in traditional OCT. For example, optical Doppler tomography [2] can enable depth-resolved imaging of flow by observing differences in phase between successive depth scans [3–5]. This chapter will focus on polarization-sensitive OCT (PS-OCT), which utilizes depth-dependent changes in the polarization state of detected light to determine the light polarization changing properties of a sample [6–11]. These properties, including birefringence, dichroism, and optic axis orientation, can be determined directly by studying the depth evolution of Stokes parameters [7–10, 12–16], or indirectly by using the changing reflected polarization states to first determine Jones or Mueller matrices [11, 17–21]. PS-OCT has been used in a wide variety of applications, including correlating burn depth with a decrease in birefringence, [14] measuring the birefringence of the retinal nerve fiber layer, [22, 23] and monitoring the onset and progression of caries lesions [24].

In this chapter, a discussion of polarization theory and its application to PS-OCT will be followed by clinical uses of the technology, and will conclude with mention of more recent work and future directions of PS-OCT.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. D. Huang, E.A. Swanson, C.P. Lin, J.S. Schuman, W.G. Stinson, W. Chang, M.R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C.A. Puliafito, J.G. Fujimoto, Science 254 (5035), 1178 (1991).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. X.J. Wang, T.E. Milner, J.S. Nelson, Opt. Lett. 20(11), 1337 (1995).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Y.H. Zhao, Z.P. Chen, C. Saxer, S.H. Xiang, J.F. de Boer, J.S. Nelson, Opt. Lett. 25(2), 114 (2000).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Y.H. Zhao, Z.P. Chen, C. Saxer, Q.M. Shen, S.H. Xiang, J.F. de Boer, J.S. Nelson, Opt. Lett. 25(18), 1358 (2000).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. V. Westphal, S. Yazdanfar, A.M. Rollins, J.A. Izatt, Opt. Lett. 27(1), 34 (2002).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. M.R. Hee, D. Huang, E.A. Swanson, J.G. Fujimoto, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9(6), 903-908 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  7. J.F. de Boer, T.E. Milner, M.J.C. van Gemert, J.S. Nelson, Opt. Lett. 22(12), 934-936 (1997).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. J.F. de Boer, S.M. Srinivas, A. Malekafzali, Z.P. Chen, J.S. Nelson, Opt. Express 3(6), 212 (1998).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. M.J. Everett, K. Schoenenberger, B.W. Colston, L.B. Da Silva, Opt. Lett. 23(3),228 (1998).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. J.F. de Boer, T.E. Milner, J.S. Nelson, Opt. Lett. 24(5), 300 (1999).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. G. Yao, L.V. Wang, Opt. Lett. 24(8), 537 (1999).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. C.K. Hitzenberger, E. Gotzinger, M. Sticker, M. Pircher, A.F. Fercher, Opt. Express 9(13), 780 (2001).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. C.E. Saxer, J.F. de Boer, B.H. Park, Y.H. Zhao, Z.P. Chen, J.S. Nelson, Opt. Lett. 25(18), 1355 (2000).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. B.H. Park, C. Saxer, S.M. Srinivas, J.S. Nelson, J.F. de Boer, J. Biomed. Opt. 6(4),474 (2001).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. M.C. Pierce, B.H. Park, B. Cense, J.F. de Boer, Opt. Lett. 27(17), 1534 (2002).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. B.H. Park, M.C. Pierce, B. Cense, S.H. Yun, M. Mujat, G.J. Tearney, B.E. Bouma, J.F. de Boer, Opt. Express 13(11), 3931 (2005).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. S.L. Jiao, G. Yao, L.H.V. Wang, Appl. Opt. 39(34), 6318 (2000).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. S.L. Jiao, L.H.V. Wang, J. Biomed. Opt. 7(3), 350 (2002)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. S.L. Jiao, L.H.V. Wang, Opt. Lett. 27(2), 101 (2002).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. S.L. Jiao, W.R. Yu, G. Stoica, L.H.V. Wang, Opt. Lett. 28(14), 1206 (2003).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. B.H. Park, M.C. Pierce, B. Cense, J.F. de Boer, Opt. Lett. 29(21), 2512 (2004).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. B. Cense, T.C. Chen, B.H. Park, M.C. Pierce, J.F. de Boer, Opt. Lett. 27(18), 1610 (2002).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. B. Cense, T.C. Chen, B.H. Park, M.C. Pierce, J.F. de Boer, Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45(8), 2606 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  24. D. Fried, J. Xie, S. Shafi, J.D.B. Featherstone, T.M. Breunig, C. Le, J. Biomed. Opt. 7(4), 618 (2002).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. C.F. Bohren, D.R. Huffman, Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles (Wiley Interscience, New York, NY, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  26. R.A. Chipman, Opt. Eng. 28, 90 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  27. S.Y. Lu, R.A. Chipman, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 13, 1106 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  28. M. Todorovic, S.L. Jiao, L.V. Wang, Opt. Lett. 29(20), 2402 (2004).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. N.J. Kemp, H.N. Zaatari, J. Park, H.G. Rylander, T.E. Milner, Opt. Express 13(12),4611 (2005).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. R.C. Jones, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 31(7), 488 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  31. J.J. Gil, E. Bernabeu, Optik 76(2), 67 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  32. S.L. Jiao, W.R. Yu, G. Stoica, L.H.V. Wang, Appl. Opt. 42(25), 5191 (2003).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. J.F. de Boer, T.E. Milner, J. Biomed. Opt. 7(3), 359 (2002).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. B.H. Park, Physics and Astronomy (University of California, Irvine, 1995).

    Google Scholar 

  35. J. Park, N.J. Kemp, H.N. Zaatari, H.G. Rylander, T.E. Milner, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 23(3), 679 (2006).

    Google Scholar 

  36. B.H. Park, M.C. Pierce, B. Cense, J.F. de Boer, Opt. Express 11(7), 782 (2003).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. M.C. Pierce, J. Strasswimmer, B.H. Park, B. Cense, J.F. de Boer, J. Invest. Dermatol. 123(3), 458 (2004).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. K. Schoenenberger, B.W. Colston, D.J. Maitland, L.B. Da Silva, M.J. Everett, Appl. Opt. 37(25), 6026 (1998).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. G.J. van Blokland, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 2, 72 (1985).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. H.B.K. Brink, G.J. van Blokland, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 5, 49 (1988).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. W.K. Tung, Group Theory in Physics (World Scientific, Singapore, 1985).

    Google Scholar 

  42. B.H. Park, M.C. Pierce, J.F. de Boer, Opt. Lett. 29(24), 2873 (2004).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. B.H. Park, M.C. Pierce, B. Cense, J.F. de Boer, Opt. Lett. 30(19), 2587 (2005).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. M.G. Ducros, J.F. de Boer, H.E. Huang, L.C. Chao, Z.P. Chen, J.S. Nelson, T.E. Milner, H.G. Rylander, IEEE J. Select. Top. Quant. Electron. 5(4), 1159 (1999).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. M.G. Ducros, J.D. Marsack, H.G. Rylander, S.L. Thomsen, T.E. Milner, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 18(12), 2945 (2001).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. B. Cense, H.C. Chen, B.H. Park, M.C. Pierce, J.F. de Boer, J. Biomed. Opt. 9(1),121 (2004).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. M. Pircher, E. Gotzinger, R. Leitgeb, H. Sattmann, O. Findl, C. K. Hitzenberger, Opt. Express 12(24), 5940 (2004).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. E. Gotzinger, M. Pircher, C.K. Hitzenberger, Opt. Express 13(25), 10217 (2005).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. O.K. Naoun, V.L. Dorr, P. Alle, J.C. Sablon, A.M. Benoit, Appl. Opt. 44(33), 7074 (2005).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. H.G. Rylander, N.J. Kemp, J.S. Park, H.N. Zaatari, T.E. Milner, Exp. Eye Res. 81(1), 81 (2005).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. L.M. Zangwill, C. Bowd, Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol. 17(2), 120 (2006)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. B.W. Colston, U.S. Sathyam, L.B. DaSilva, M.J. Everett, P. Stroeve, L.L. Otis, Opt. Express 3(6), 230 (1998).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. X.J. Wang, T.E. Milner, J.F. de Boer, Y. Zhang, D.H. Pashley, J.S. Nelson, Appl. Opt. 38(10), 2092 (1999).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. A. Baumgartner, S. Dichtl, C.K. Hitzenberger, H. Sattmann, B. Robl, A. Moritz, Z.F. Fercher, W. Sperr, Caries Res. 34(1), 59 (2000).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. B.T. Amaechi, S.M. Higham, A.G. Podoleanu, J.A. Rogers, D.A. Jackson, J. Oral Rehab. 28, 1092 (2001).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. D. Fried, J. Xie, S. Sahar, J.D.B. Featherstone, T.M. Breunig, C. Le, J. Dental Res. 81, A386 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  57. B.T. Amaechi, A.G. Podoleanu, S.M. Higham, D.A. Jackson, J. Biomed. Opt. 8,1297 (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  58. R.S. Jones, M. Staninec, D. Fried, J. Biomed. Opt. 9(6), 1297 (2004).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. P. Ngaotheppitak, C.L. Darling, D. Fried, Lasers Surg. Med. 37(1), 78 (2005).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. J.M. Herrmann, C. Pitris, B.E. Bouma, S.A. Boppart, C.A. Jesser, D.L. Stamper, J.G. Fujimoto, M.E. Brezinski, J. Rheumatol. 26(3), 627 (1999).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. W. Drexler, D. Stamper, C. Jesser, X.D. Li, C. Pitris, K. Saunders, S. Martin, M.B. Lodge, J.G. Fujimoto, M.E. Brezinski, J. Rheumatol. 28(6), 1311 (2001).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Y.T. Pan, Z.G. Li, T.Q. Xie, C.R. Chu, J. Biomed. Opt. 8(4), 648 (2003).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. C.W. Han, C.R. Chu, N. Adachi, A. Usas, F.H. Fu, J. Huard, Y. Pan, Osteoarthr. Cartilage 11, 111 (2003).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. C.R. Chu, D. Lin, J.L. Geisler, C.T. Chu, F.H. Fu, Y.T. Pan, Am. J. Sports Med. 32, 699 (2004).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. X.D. Li, S. Martin, C. Pitris, R. Ghanta, D.L. Stamper, M. Harman, J.G. Fujimoto, M.E. Brezinski, Arthr. Res. Therap. 7(2), R318 (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  66. N.A. Patel, J. Zoeller, D.L. Stamper, J.G. Fujimoto, M.E. Brezinski, IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 24(2), 155 (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  67. J.I. Youn, G. Vargas, B.J.F. Wong, T.E. Milner, Phys. Med. Biol. 50(9), 1937 (2005).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. P.A. Brigham, E. McLoughlin, J. Burn Care Rehabil. 17, 95 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  69. D.J. Maitland, J.T. Walsh, Lasers Surg. Med. 20, 310 (1997).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. S.M. Srinivas, J.F. de Boer, H. Park, K. Keikhanzadeh, H.E.L. Huang, J. Zhang, W.Q. Jung, Z.P. Chen, J.S. Nelson, J. Biomed. Opt. 9(1), 207 (2004).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Y. Yasuno, S. Makita, Y. Sutoh, M. Itoh, T. Yatagai, Opt. Lett. 27(20), 1803 (2002).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. M.C. Pierce, J. Strasswimmer, B.H. Park, B. Cense, J.F. de Boer, J. Biomed. Opt. 9(2), 287 (2004).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. M. Pircher, E. Goetzinger, R. Leitgeb, C.K. Hitzenberger, Opt. Express 12(14), 3236 (2004).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. M.C. Pierce, R.L. Sheridan, B.H. Park, B. Cense, J.F. de Boer, Burns 30(6), 511 (2004).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. J. Strasswimmer, M.C. Pierce, B.H. Park, V. Neel, J.F. de Boer, J. Biomed. Opt. 9(2), 292 (2004).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. T. Kuwahara, J. Strasswimmer, J. de Boer, R. Anderson, J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 52(3), P163 (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  77. M. Mujat, B.H. Park, B. Cense, T.C. Chen, J.F. de Boer, J. Biomed. Opt. 12(4),41205 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  78. A.F. Fercher, C.K. Hitzenberger, G. Kamp, S.Y. Elzaiat, Opt. Commun. 117(1-2), 43 (1995).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. G. Hausler, M.W. Lindner, J. Biomed. Opt. 3(1), 21 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  80. M. Wojtkowski, R. Leitgeb, A. Kowalczyk, T. Bajraszewski, A.F. Fercher, J. Biomed. Opt. 7(3), 457 (2002).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. S.H. Yun, G.J. Tearney, J.F. de Boer, N. Iftimia, B.E. Bouma, Opt. Express 11(22),2953 (2003).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. P. Andretzky, M.W. Lindner, J.M. Hermann, A. Schultz, M. Konzog, F. Kiesewetter, G. Hausler, Proc. SPIE 3567, 78 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  83. T. Mitsui, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Pt. 1 38(10), 6133 (1999).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. R. Leitgeb, C.K. Hitzenberger, A.F. Fercher, Opt. Express 889 (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  85. J.F. de Boer, B. Cense, B.H. Park, M.C. Pierce, G.J. Tearney, B.E. Bouma, Opt. Lett. 28(21), 2067 (2003).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. M.A. Choma, M.V. Sarunic, C.H. Yang, J.A. Izatt, Opt. Express 2183 (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  87. M. Yamanari, S. Makita, V.D. Madjarova, T. Yatagai, Y. Yasuno, Opt. Express 14(14),6502 (2006).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. J. Zhang, W.G. Jung, J.S. Nelson, Z.P. Chen, Opt. Express 12(24), 6033 (2004).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. S.G. Guo, J. Zhang, L. Wang, J.S. Nelson, Z.P. Chen, Opt. Lett. 29(17), 2025 (2004).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. N.J. Kemp, H.N. Zaatari, J. Park, H.G. Rylander, T.E. Milner, Opt. Express 13(12),4507 (2005).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. S. Yazdanfar, C.H. Yang, M.V. Sarunic, J.A. Izatt, Opt. Exp. 410 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  92. N.J. Kemp, J. Park, H.N. Zaatari, H.G. Rylander, T.E. Milner, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 22(3), 552 (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  93. J.M. Schmitt, Phys. Med. Biol. 42(7), 1427 (1997).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. J.M. Schmitt, S.H. Xiang, K.M. Yung, J. Biomed. Opt. 4(1), 95 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  95. M. Bashkansky, J. Reintjes, Opt. Lett. 25(8), 545 (2000).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. M.A. Sapia, D.C. Colosi, L.L. Otis, J. Dental Res. 79, 550 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  97. N. Iftimia, B.E. Bouma, G.J. Tearney, J. Biomed. Opt. 8(2), 260 (2003).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. D.C. Adler, T.H. Ko, J.G. Fujimoto, Opt. Lett. 29(24), 2878 (2004).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. J.H. Kim, J.W. Oh, D.T. Miller, T.E. Milner, Lasers Surg. Med. 8 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  100. B.H. Park, M.C. Pierce, B. Cense, J.F. de Boer, in: SPIE Photonics West (2004), p. 5316

    Google Scholar 

  101. J. Kim, D.T. Miller, E. Kim, S. Oh, J. Oh, T.E. Milner, J. Biomed. Opt. 10(6), (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  102. D.L. Marks, T.S. Ralston, S.A. Boppart, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A22(11), 2366 (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  103. A.E. Desjardins, B.J. Vakoc, G.J. Tearney, B.E. Bouma, Opt. Express 14(11), 4736 (2006).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. B.H. Park, B. Cense, M.C. Pierce, J.F. de Boer, in: SPIE Photonics West (2006), p. 6085

    Google Scholar 

  105. N. Ugryumova, S.V. Gangnus, S.J. Matcher, Opt. Lett. 31(15), 2305 (2006)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. M.C. Pierce, M. Shishkov, B.H. Park, N.A. Nassif, B.E. Bouma, G.J. Tearney, J.F. de Boer, Opt. Express 13(15), 5739 (2005).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. B. Stanford, D.L. Stamper, P.R. Herz, S.D. Giattina, S.B. Adams, A.L. Robertson, T.H. Ko, M.J. Roberts, N.D. Joshi, J.G. Fujimoto, P.J. Fitzgerald, M.E. Brezinski, Circulation 110(17), 524 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  108. S. Nadkarni, M. Pierce, B.H. Park, J.F. de Boer, S. Houser, J. Bressner, B. Bouma, G. Tearney, Circulation 112(17), U679 (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  109. S.K. Nadkarni, M. Pierce, B.H. Park, J.F. de Boer, S. Houser, J. Bressner, B. Bouma, G. Tearney, Am. J. Cardiol. 96(7A), 111H (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  110. S. Shortkroff, S.D. Giattina, B.K. Courtney, P.R. Herz, D.L. Stamper, J.J. Fugimoto, M.E. Brezinski, J. Am. College Cardiol. 47(4), 121A (2006).

    Google Scholar 

  111. S.K. Nadkarni, M.C. Pierce, B.E. Bouma, B.H. Park, J.F. de Boer, P. Whittaker, J. Bressner, E. Halpern, S.L. Houser, G.J. Tearney, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 49 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  112. J.J. Pasquesi, S.C. Schlachter, M.D. Boppart, E. Chaney, S.J. Kaufman, S.A. Boppart, Opt. Express 14(4), 1547 (2006).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. B. H. Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. F. de Boer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4LU, UK

    Wolfgang Drexler

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA

    James G. Fujimoto

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Park, B.H., de Boer, J.F. (2008). Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography. In: Drexler, W., Fujimoto, J.G. (eds) Optical Coherence Tomography. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77550-8_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77550-8_22

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-77549-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-77550-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation