Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Radiation Oncology pp 111–127Cite as

Breast Cancer

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Radiat Oncol))

Abstract

Worldwide breast cancer incidence accounts for approximately 25% of all cancers diagnosed in women and almost 15% of all cancer deaths. It is one of the most common malignancies in the Western world and has the highest incidence in North America. The breast cancer risk varies within age groups; for example, the risk from birth to 39 years is one in 229 (0.44%), from age 40–59 years one in 24 (4.14%), from age 60–70 years one in 13 (7.53%), and from birth to death the probability of developing breast cancer is one in seven (13.4%) (Jemal et al. 2007).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Allred D, Bryant J, Land S et al. (2002) Estrogen receptor expression as a predictive marker of effectiveness of tamoxifen in the treatment of DCIS: findings from the NSABP Protocol B-24. Breast Cancer Res Treat 76:S36, (abstract 30)

    Google Scholar 

  • American College of Radiology (2003) Breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADs), 4th edn. American College of Radiology, Reston, VA

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson BO, Calhoun KE, Rosen EL et al. (2006) Evolving concepts in the management of lobular hyperplasia. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 4:511–522

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Antonini N, Jones H, Horiot J et al. (2007) Effect of age and radiation dose on local control after breast conserving treatment. EORTC trial 22881-10882. Radiother Oncol 82:265–271

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arriagada R, Le MG, Rochard F et al. (1996) Conservative treatment versus mastectomy in early breast cancer: patterns of failure with 15 years of follow up data. Institut Gustave-Roussy Breast Cancer Group. JCO 14:1558–1564

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arthur DW, Winter K, Kuske RR et al. (2006) A phase II trial of brachytherapy alone following lumpectomy for select breast cancer: tumor control and survival outcomes of RTOG 95-17. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 66:S29–30 [suppl] (abstract 51)

    Google Scholar 

  • Balch CM et al. (2002) Breast cancer. In: Greene FL, Page DL, Fleming ID et al. (eds) AJCC Cancer staging manual, 6th edn. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 209–220

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartelink H, Horiot JC, Poortsmans P et al. (2001) Recurrence rates after treatment of breast cancer with standard radiotherapy with or without additional radiation. N Engl J Med 245:1378–1387

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatia S, Robison LL, Oberlin O et al. (1996) Breast cancer and other second neoplasms after childhood Hodgkin’s disease. N Engl J Med 334:745–751

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bijker N, Meijnen P, Peterse JL et al. (2006) Breast-conserving treatment with or without radiotherapy in ductal carcinoma-in-situ: ten-year results of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer randomized phase III trial 10853 — a study by the EORTC Breast Cancer Cooperative Group and EORTC Radiotherapy Group. J Clin Oncol 24:3381–3387

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blichert-Toft M, Rose C, Andersen JA et al. (1992) Danish randomized trial comparing breast conservation therapy with mastectomy: six years of life-table analysis. Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 11:19–25

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen AM, Meric-Bernstam F, Hunt KK et al. (2004) Breast conservation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: the MD Anderson experience. J Clin Oncol 22:2303–2312

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chlebowski RT, Blackburn GL, Thomson CA et al. (2006) Dietary fat reduction and breast cancer outcome: interim efficacy results from the Women’s Intervention Nutrition Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 98:1767–1776

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer (1996) Breast Cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 53,297 women with breast cancer and 100,239 women without breast cancer from 54 epidemiological studies. Lancet 347:1713–1727

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dewar JA, Haviland JS, Agrawal RK et al. (2007) Hypofractionation for early breast cancer: first results of the UK standardization of breast radiotherapy (START) trials [Abstract]. J Clin Oncol ASCO annual meeting Proceedings Part I; 25(18s) (June 20 Supplement):LBA518

    Google Scholar 

  • Donovan E, Bleakley N, Denholm E et al. (2007) Randomised trial of standard 2D radiotherapy (RT) versus intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in patients prescribed breast radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 82:254–264

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (1995) Effects of radiotherapy and surgery in early breast cancer. An overview of the randomized trials. N Engl J Med 333:1444–1455

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (2005a) Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomized trials. Lancet 365:1687–1717

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (2005b) Effects of radiotherapy and of differences in the extent of surgery for early breast cancer on local recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomized trials. Lancet 366:2087–2106

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher B, Bryant J, Wolmark N, Mamounas E, Brown A, Fisher ER, Wickerham DL, Begovic M, DeCillis A, Robidoux A, Margolese RG, Cruz AB Jr, Hoehn JL, Lees AW, Dimitrov NV, Bear HD (1998a) Effect of preoperative chemotherapy on the outcome of women with operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 16:2672–2685

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher B, Dignam JJ, Wolmark N et al. (1998b) Lumpectomy and radiation therapy for the treatment of intraductal breast cancer: findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-17. J Clin Oncol 16:441–452

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher B, Dignam JJ, Wolmark N et al. (1999) Tamoxifen in treatment of intraductal breast cancer: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-24 randomized control trial. Lancet 353:1993–2000

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher B, Bryant J, Dignam JL et al. (2002a) Tamoxifen, radiation therapy, or both for prevention of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence after lumpectomy in women with invasive breast cancers of one centimeter or less. N Engl J Med 20:4141–4149

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher B, Anderson S, Bryant J et al. (2002b) Twenty year follow up of a randomized trial comparing total mastectomy, lumpectomy, and lumpectomy plus irradiation for the treatment of invasive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 347:1233–1241

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher B, Costantino JP, Wickerman DL et al. (2005) Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 97:1652–1662

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forrest AP, Stewart HJ, Everington D et al. (1996) Randomized controlled trial of conservation therapy for breast cancer: 6 year analysis of the Scottish trial. Lancet 348:708–713

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fyles AW, McCready DR, Manchul LA et al. (2004) Tamoxifen with or without breast irradiation in women 50 years of age or older with early breast cancer. N Engl J Med 351:963–970

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garber JE, Offit K (2005) Hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes. J Clin Oncol 23:276–292

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greene F, Page D, Fleming I et al. (2002) AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 6th edn. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Haagensen CD, Bodian C, Haagensen DE Jr. (1981) Breast carcinoma. Risk and detection. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris JR (2004) Diseases of the breast. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris JR, Halpin-Murphy P, Neese MM et al. (1999) Consensus statement on post mastectomy radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 44:989–990

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes KS, Schnaper LA, Berry D et al. (2004) Lumpectomy plus tamoxifen with or without irradiation in women 70 years of age or older with early stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med 351:971–977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes L, Wong M, Page D et al. (2006) Five year results of an intergroup study E 5194: local excision alone (without radiation treatment) for selected patients with ductal carcinoma in situ. San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium, abstract 29

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson JA, Danforth DN, Cowan KH et al. (1995) Ten-year results of a comparison of conservation with mastectomy in the treatment of stage I and II breast cancer. N Engl J Med 332:907–911

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E (2007) Cancer statistics, 2007. CA Cancer J Clin 57:43–66

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katz A, Strom EA, Buchholz TA et al. (2000) Locoregional recurrence patterns after mastectomy and doxorubicin-based chemotherapy: implications for postoperative irradiation. J Clin Oncol 18:2817–2827

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kriege M, Brekelmans C, Boetes C et al. (2004) Efficacy of MRI and mammography for breast cancer screening in women with a familial or genetic predisposition N Engl J Med 351:427

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuerer HM, Newman LA, Smith TL et al. (1999) Clinical course of breast cancer patients with complete pathological primary tumor and axillary lymph nodes response to doxorubicin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 14:460–469

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehman C, Gatsonis C, Kuhl CK et al. (2007) MRI evaluation of the contralateral breast in women with recently diagnosed breast cancer. N Engl J Med 356:1295–1303

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lord SJ, Lei W, Craft P et al. (2007) A systematic review of the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an addition to mammography and ultrasound in screening young women at high risk of breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 43:1905–1917

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald HR, Silverstein MJ, Mabry H et al. (2005) Local control in ductal carcinoma in situ treated by excision alone: incremental benefit of larger margins. Am J Surg 190:521–525

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martin AM, Weber BL (2000) Genetic and hormonal risk factors in breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 92:1126–1135

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCormick B (2005) Partial breast radiation for early stage breast cancers: hypothesis, existing data, and a planned phase III trial. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 3:301–307

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moormeier J (1996) Breast cancer in black women. Ann Intern Med 124:897–905

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morrow M, White J, Moughan J et al. (2001) Factors predicting the use of breast-conserving therapy in stage I and II breast carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 19:2254–2262

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen HM, Overgaard M, Grau C et al. (2006) Study of failure pattern among high-risk breast cancer patients with or without postmastectomy radiotherapy in addition to adjuvant systemic therapy: long term results from the Danish breast Cancer Cooperative Group DBCG 82b and c randomized studies. J Clin Oncol 24:2268–2275

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Overgaard M, Hansen PS, Overgaard J et al. (1997) Postoperative radiotherapy in high-risk premenopausal women with breast cancer who receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Danish Breast cancer Cooperative Group DBCG 82b Trial. N Engl J Med 337:949–955

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Overgaard M, Jensen MB, Overgaard J et al. (1999) Postoperative radiotherapy in high risk postmenopausal breast cancer patients given adjuvant tamoxifen: Danish Breast cancer Cooperative Group DBCG 82c randomized trial. Lancet 353:1641–1648

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pignol J-P, Olivotto E, Rakovitch WE et al. (2006) Phase III randomized study of intensity modulated radiation therapy vs. standard wedging adjuvant breast radiotherapy. Int J Rad Oncol Bio Phys 66:S1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (2007) National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-39/Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0413 Protocol. A randomized phase III study of conventional whole breast irradiation (WBI) versus partial breast irradiation (PBI) for women with stage 0, I, or II breast Cancer. http://www.rtog.org/members/protocols/0413/0413.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Ragaz J, Olivotto I, Spinelli J et al. (2005) Locoregional radiation therapy in patients with high-risk breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: 20 year results of the British Columbia randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 97:116–126

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Recht A, Edge SB, Solin LJ et al. (2001) Postmastectomy radiotherapy: guidelines of the American society of Clinical Oncology. J Clin Oncol 19:1539–1569

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Recht A, Gome SE, Henderson IC et al. (2004) Impact on outcome of delay in starting radiotherapy. J Clin Oncol 22:1341–1342

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Romestaing P, Lehingue Y, Carrie C et al (1997) Role of 10 Gy boost in the conservative treatment of early stage breast cancer: results of a randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 15:963–968

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Romond EH, Perez EA, Bryant J et al. (2005) Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 353:1673–1684

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silverstein MJ (ed) (1997) Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  • Silverstein MJ (2003) The University of Southern California/ Van Nuys prognostic index for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Am J Surg 186:337–343

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Silverstein MJ, Lagios M (2006) Should all patients undergoing breast conserving therapy for DCIS receive radiation therapy? J Surg Oncol 95:605–609

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taghian A, Jeong JH, Mamounas E et al. (2004) Patterns of locoregional failure in patients with operable breast cancer treated by mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy with or without tamoxifen and without radiotherapy: results from five National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project randomized clinical trials. J Clin Oncol 22:4247–4254

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • UK Coordinating Committee on Cancer Research (2003) Radiotherapy and tamoxifen in women with completely excised ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast in UK, Australia, and New Zealand: randomized controlled trial. Lancet 362:95–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Dongen JA, Voogd AC, Fentiman IS et al. (2000) Long-term results of a randomized trial comparing breast-conserving therapy with mastectomy: European organization for research and treatment of cancer 10801 trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 92:1143–1150

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Veronesi U, Cascinelli N, Mariani L et al. (2002) Twenty year follow up of a randomized study comparing breast-conserving surgery with radical mastectomy for early breast cancer. N Engl J Med 347:1227–1232

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vicini FA, Kestin L, Chen P et al. (2003) Limited-field radiation therapy in the management of early stage breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 95:1205–1211

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vogel VG, Costantino JP, Wickerman DL et al. (2006) Effects of tamoxifen vs raloxifene on risk of developing invasive breast cancer and other disease outcomes: the NSABP study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) P-2 trial. JAMA 295:2727–2741

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ward BA, McKhann CF, Ravikumar TS. et al. (1992) Ten-year follow-up of breast carcinoma in situ in Connecticut. Arch Surg 127:1392–1395

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whelan T, MacKenzie R, Julian J et al. (2002) Randomized trial of breast irradiation schedules after lumpectomy for women with lymph node-negative breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 94:1143–50

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wong JS, Kaelin CM, Troyan SL et al. (2006) Prospective study of wide excision alone for DCIS of the breast. J Clin Oncol 24:1031–1036

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Writing group for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators (2002) Risk and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women; principal results from the women’s Health initiative randomized control trial. JAMA 288:321–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yahalom J, Petrek JA, Biddinger PW et al. (1992) Breast cancer in patients irradiated for Hodgkin’s disease: a clinical and pathologic analysis of 45 events in 37 patients. J Clin Oncol 10:1674–1681

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Medical Center, 10 Union Square East, Suite 4G, New York, NY, 10003, USA

    Manjeet Chadha MD

Authors
  1. Manjeet Chadha MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology National University Cancer Institute of Singapore National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore

    Jiade J. Lu MD, MBA (Associate Professor and Consultant and Distinguished Clinical Professor) (Associate Professor and Consultant and Distinguished Clinical Professor)

  2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200232, P.R. China

    Jiade J. Lu MD, MBA (Associate Professor and Consultant and Distinguished Clinical Professor) (Associate Professor and Consultant and Distinguished Clinical Professor)

  3. College of Medicine, Drexel University, Broad & Vine Sts., Mail Stop 200, Philadelphia, PA, 19102-1192, USA

    Luther W. Brady MD (Hylda Cohn/American Cancer Society Professor of Clinical Oncology, and Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology Distinguished University Professor) (Hylda Cohn/American Cancer Society Professor of Clinical Oncology, and Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology Distinguished University Professor)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Chadha, M. (2008). Breast Cancer. In: Lu, J.J., Brady, L.W. (eds) Radiation Oncology. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77385-6_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77385-6_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-77384-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-77385-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation