Skip to main content

Cancer of the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx

  • Chapter
Radiation Oncology

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Radiat Oncol))

Abstract

Cancers of the oropharynx and oral cavity originate in central locations which can severely impact speech, mastication, taste, swallowing, and cosmesis and are curable with multiple treatment modalities. Disease control, quality of life, and organ function preservation represent important goals of treatment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Amdur RJ, Mendenhall WM, Parsons JT et al. (1987) Carcinoma of the soft palate treated with irradiation: analysis of results and complications. Radiother Oncol 9:185–194

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ang KK (1998) Altered fractionation in the management of head and neck cancer. Int J Radiat Biol 73:395–399

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ang KK, Trotti A, Brown BW et al. (2001) Randomized trial addressing risk features and time factors of surgery plus radiotherapy in advanced head-and-neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 51:571–578

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ang KK, Berkey BA, Tu X et al. (2002) Impact of epidermal growth factor receptor expression on survival and pattern of relapse in patients with advanced head and neck carcinoma. Cancer Res 62:7350–7356

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balaram P, Sridhar H, Rajkumar T et al. (2002) Oral cancer in southern India: the influence of smoking, drinking, paanchewing and oral hygiene. Int J Cancer 98:440–405

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bataini JP, Asselain B, Jaulerry C et al. (1989) A multivariate primary tumour control analysis in 465 patients treated by radical radiotherapy for cancer of the tonsillar region: clinical and treatment parameters as prognostic factors. Radiother Oncol 14:265–277

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bensadoun RJ, Benezery K, Dassonville O et al. (2006) French multicenter phase III randomized study testing concurrent twice-a-day radiotherapy and cisplatin/5-fluorouracil chemotherapy (BiRCF) in unresectable pharyngeal carcinoma: results at 2 years (FNCLCC-GORTEC). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 64:983–994

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernier J, Domenge C, Ozsahin M et al. (2004) Postoperative irradiation with or without concomitant chemotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med 350:1945–1952

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernier J, Cooper JS, Pajak TF et al. (2005) Defining risk levels in locally advanced head and neck cancers: a comparative analysis of concurrent postoperative radiation plus chemotherapy trials of the EORTC (#22931) and RTOG (#9501). Head Neck 2005:843–850

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonner J, Harari P, Giralt J et al. (2006) Radiotherapy plus cetuximab for squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N Engl J Med 354:567–578

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bourhis J, Overgaard J, Audry H et al. (2006) Hyperfractionated or accelerated radiotherapy in head and neck cancer: a meta-analysis. Lancet 368:843–854

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brizel DM, Albers ME, Fisher SR et al. (1998) Hyperfractionated irradiation with or without concurrent chemotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med 338:1798–1804

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brizel DM, Wasserman TH, Henke M et al. (2000) Phase III randomized trial of amifostine as a radioprotector in head and neck cancer. J Clin Oncol 18:3339–3345

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Budach V, Stuschke M, Budach W et al. (2005) Hyperfractionated accelerated chemoradiation with concurrent fluorouracil-mitomycin is more effective than dose-escalated hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy alone in locally advanced head and neck cancer: final results of the radiotherapy cooperative clinical trials group of the German Cancer Society 95-06 Prospective Randomized Trial. J Clin Oncol 23:1125–1135

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Budach W, Hehr T, Bucah V et al. (2006) A meta-analysis of hyperfractionated and accelerated radiotherapy and combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimens in unresected locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. BMC Cancer 6:28

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butler EB, Teh BS, Grant WH 3rd et al. (1999) Smart (simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy) boost: a new accelerated fractionation schedule for the treatment of head and neck cancer with intensity modulated radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 45:21–32

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calais G, Alfonsi M, Bardet E et al. (1999) Randomized trial of radiation therapy versus concomitant chemotherapy and radiation therapy for advanced-stage oropharynx carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 91:2081–2016

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Candela FC, Kothari K, Shah JP (1990) Patterns of cervical node metastases from squamous carcinoma of the oropharynx and hypopharynx. Head Neck 12:197–203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chao KS, Low DA, Perez CA et al. (2000) Intensity-modulated radiation therapy in head and neck cancers: the Mallinckrodt experience. Int J Cancer 90:92–103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chao KS, Deasy JO, Markman J et al. (2001) A prospective study of salivary function sparing in patients with head-and-neck cancers receiving intensity-modulated or three dimensional radiation therapy: initial results. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 49:907–916

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chao KS, Ozyigit G, Blanco AI et al. (2004) Intensity-modulated radiation therapy in the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer: impact of tumor volume. Int J. Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 59:43–50

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen WC, Jackson A, Budnick AS et al. (2006) Sensorineural hearing loss in combined modality treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer 106:820–829

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper JS, Pajak TF, Forastiere AA et al. (2004) Postoperative concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy for high-risk squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N Engl J Med 350:1937–1944

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford BE, Callihan MD, Corio RL et al. (1979) Oral pathology. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 12:29–43

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crook J, Mazeron JJ, Marinello G et al. (1988) Combined external irradiation and interstitial implantation for T1 and T2 epidermoid carcinomas of base of tongue: the Creteil experience (1971–1981). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 15:105–114

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson LA, Anzai Y, Marsh L et al. (2000) Patterns of local-regional recurrence following parotid-sparing conformal and segmental intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 46:1117–1126

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dahlstrand HM, Dalianis T (2005) Presence and influence of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in tonsillar cancer. Adv Cancer Res 93:59–89

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Arruda FF, Puri DR, Zhung J et al. (2006) Intensity-modulated radiation therapy for the treatment of oropharyngeal carcinoma: the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 64:363–373

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Denis F, Garaud P, Bardet E et al. (2004) Final results of the 94-01 French Head and Neck Oncology and Radiotherapy Group randomized trial comparing radiotherapy alone with concomitant radiochemotherapy in advanced-stage oropharynx carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 22:69–76

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Diaz EM Jr, Holsinger FC, Zuniga ER et al. (2003) Squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa: one institution’s experience with 119 previously untreated patients. Head Neck 25:267–273

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dixit S, Vyas RK, Toparani RB et al. (1998) Surgery versus surgery and postoperative radiotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa: a comparative study. Ann Surg Oncol 5:502–510

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dobrowsky W, Naude J (2000) Continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy with/without mitomycin C in head and neck cancers. Radiother Oncol 57:119–124

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dupont JB, Guillamondegui OM, Jesse RH (1978) Surgical treatment of advanced carcinomas of the base of tongue. Am J Surg 136:501–503

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eisbruch A, Kim HM, Terrell JE et al. (2001) Xerostomia and its predictors following parotid-sparing irradiation of head-and-neck cancer. Int J. Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 50:332–343

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisbruch A, Schwartz M, Rasch C et al. (2004a) Dysphagia and aspiration after chemoradiotherapy for head-and-neck cancer: which anatomic structures are affected and can they be spared by IMRT? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 60:1425–1439

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eisbruch A, Marsh L, Dawson LA et al. (2004b) Recurrences near the base of skull following IMRT of head and neck cancer: implications for target delineation in the high neck and for parotid gland sparing. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 59:28–42

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • El-Sayed S, Nelson N (1996) Adjuvant and adjunctive chemotherapy in the management of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region. A meta-analysis of prospective and randomized trials. J Clin Oncol 14:838–847

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fein DA, Mendenhall WM, Parsons JT et al. (1993) Pharyngeal wall carcinoma treated with radiotherapy: impact of treatment technique and fractionation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 26:751–757

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foote RL, Parsons JT, Mendenhall WM et al. (1990) Is interstitial implantation essential for successful radiotherapeutic treatment of base of tongue carcinoma. Int J. Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 18:1293–1298

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fu KK, Pajak TF, Trotti A et al. (2000) A radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) phase III randomized study to compare hyperfractionation and two variants of accelerated fractionation to standard fractionation radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. First report of RTOG 9003. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 48:7–16

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerbaulet A, Pernot A (1985) Cancer of the buccal mucosa — Proceedings of the 20th annual meeting of the European Curietherapy Group. J Eur Radiother 6:1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Goffinet DR, Fee WE Jr., Wells J et al. (1985) 192Ir pharyngoepiglottic fold interstitial implants. The key to successful treatment of base of tongue carcinoma by radiation therapy. Cancer 55:941–948

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greene F, Page D, Fleming I et al. (2002) AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 6th edn. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Grégoire V, Coche E, Cosnard G et al. (2000) Selection and delineation of lymph node target volumes in head and neck conformal radiotherapy. Proposal for standardizing terminology and procedure based on the surgical experience. Radiother Oncol 56:135–150

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grégoire, V, Levendag, P, Ang K et al. (2003) CT-based delineation of lymph node levels and related CTVs in the node-negative neck: DAHANCA, EORTC, GORTEC, NCIC, RTOG consensus guidelines. Radiother Oncol 69:227–236

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greven KM, Williams DW, Mcquirt WF et al. (2001) Serial positron emission tomography scans following radiation therapy for patients with head and neck cancer. Head Neck 23:942–946

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gwozdz JT, Morrison WH, Garden AS et al. (1997) Concomitant boost radiotherapy for squamous carcinoma of the tonsillar fossa. Int J. Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 39:127–135

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harari PM, Huang SM (2000) Modulation of molecular targets to enhance radiation. Clin Cancer Res 6:323–325

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison LB, Zelefsky MJ, Sessions RB et al. (1992) Baseof-tongue cancer treated with external beam irradiation plus brachytherapy: oncologic and functional outcome. Radiology 184:267–270

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, LB, Lee H, Kraus DH et al. (1996) Long term results of primary radiation therapy for squamous cancer of the base of tongue. Radiother Oncol 39:S6

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison LB, Zelefsky MJ, Pfister D et al. (1997) Detailed quality of life assessment on long term survivors of primary radiation therapy for cancer of the base of tongue. Head Neck 19:169–175

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horiot JC, Le Fur R, N’Guyen T et al. (1992) Hyperfractionation versus conventional fractionation in oropharyngeal carcinoma: final analysis of a randomized trial of the EORTC cooperative group of radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 25:231–241

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Housset M, Baillet F, Dessarrd-Diana B et al. (1987) A retrospective study of three treatment techniques for T1-T2 base of tongue lesions: surgery plus postoperative radiation, external radiation plus interstitial implantation and external radiation alone. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 15:511–516

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu KS, Sachdeva G, Harrison LB (2004) Adjuvant interstitial Iridium 192 brachytherapy for resected T1 and T2 cancers of the oral cavity with close or positive margins. Presented at 6th International Head and Neck conference, Washington DC, Aug 2004

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang K, Lee N, Xia P et al. (2003) Intensity-modulated radiotherapy in the treatment of oropharyngeal carcinoma: a single institutional experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 57S2:2303

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt MA, Zelefsky MJ, Wolden S et al. (2001) Treatment planning and delivery of intensity-modulated radiation therapy for primary nasopharynx cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 49:623–632

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inoue T, Inoue T, Teshima T et al. (1996) Phase III trial of high and low dose rate interstitial radiotherapy for early oral tongue cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 36:1201–1204

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaulerry C, Rodriguez J, Brunin F et al. (1991) Results of radiation therapy in carcinoma of the base of the tongue. The Curie Institute experience with about 166 cases. Cancer 67:1532–1538

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeremic B, Shibamoto Y, Milicic B et al. (2000) Hyperfractionated radiation therapy with or without concurrent low-dose daily cisplatin in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a prospective randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 18:1458–1464

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim MR, Roh JL, Kim JS et al. (2007) Utility of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the preoperative staging of squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx. Eur J Surg Oncol 33:633–638

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim SY, Roh JL, Kim MR et al. (2007) Use of 18F-FDG PET for primary treatment strategy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx. J Nucl Med 48:752–757

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laccourreye O, Hans S, Menard M et al. (2005) Transoral lateral oropharyngectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsillar region: II. An analysis of the incidence, related variables and consequences of local recurrence. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 131:592–599

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lapeyre M, Hoffstetter S, Peiffert D et al. (2000) Postoperative brachytherapy alone for T1-2 N0 squamous cell carcinomas of the oral tongue and floor of mouth with close or positive margins. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 48:37–42

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawson JD, Otto K, Chen A et al (2008) Concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy and simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue base. Head Neck 30:327–335

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levendag PC, Teguh DN, Voet P et al. (2007) Dysphagia disorders in patients with cancer of the oropharynx are significantly affected by the radiation therapy dose to the superior and middle constrictor muscle: a dose-effect relationship. Radiother Oncol 85:64–73

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lindberg R (1972) Distribution of cervical lymph node metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts. Cancer 29:1446–1449

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazeron JJ, Richaud P (1984) Lip cancer. Report of the 18th annual meeting of the European Curietherapy Group. J Eur Radiother 5:50–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazeron JJ, Marinello G, Crook J et al. (1987) Definitive radiation treatment for early stage carcinoma of the soft palate and uvula: the indications for iridium 192 implantation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 13:1829–1837

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazeron JJ, Crook J, Martin M et al. (1989) Iridium 192 implantation of squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx. Am J Otolaryngol 10:317–321

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazeron JJ, Belkacemi Y, Simor JM et al. (1993) Place of iridium 192 implantation in definitive irradiation of faucial arch squamous cell carcinomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 27:251–257

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendenhall WM, Morris CB, Amdur RJ et al. (2006) Definitive radiotherapy for tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol 29:290–297

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Merchant A, Husain SS, Hosain M et al. (2000) Paan without tobacco: an independent risk factor for oral cancer. Int J Cancer 86:128–131

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Million RR, Parsons JT, Cassisi NJ (1985) Twice-a-day irradiation technique for squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Cancer 55[suppl]:2096–2099

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monnerat C, Faivre S, Temam S et al. (2002) End points for new agents in induction chemotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancers. Ann Oncol 13:995–1006

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Sullivan B, Warde P, Grice B et al. (2001) The benefits and pitfalls of ipsilateral radiotherapy in carcinoma of the tonsillar region. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 51:332–343

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Overgaard J, Hansen HS, Specht L et al. (2003) Five compared with six fractions per week of conventional radiotherapy of squamous-cell carcinoma of head and neck: DAHANCA 6 and 7 randomised controlled trial. Lancet 362:933–940

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pernot M, Malissard L, Taghian A et al. (1992) Velotonsillar squamous cell carcinoma: 277 cases treated by combined external irradiation and brachytherapy — results according to extension, localization, and dose rate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 23:715–723

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pernot M, Hoffstetter S, Peiffert D et al. (1996) Role of interstitial brachytherapy in oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma: reflection of a series of 1344 patients treated at the time of initial presentation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 115:519–526

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peters LJ, Goepfert H, Ang KK et al. (1993) Evaluation of the dose for postoperative radiation therapy of head and neck cancer: first report of a prospective randomized trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 26:3–11

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrovich Z, Parker RG, Luxton G et al. (1987) Carcinoma of the lip and selected sites of head and neck skin. A clinical study of 896 patients. Radiother Oncol 8:11–17

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pignon JP, Bourhis J, Domenge C et al. (2000) Chemotherapy added to locoregional treatment for head and neck squamous-cell carcinomas: three meta-analyses of updated individual data. MACH-NC Collaborative Group. Meta-analysis of chemotherapy on head and neck cancer. Lancet 355:949–955

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Posner MR, Hershock DM, Blajman CR (2007) Cisplatin and fluorouracil alone or with docetaxel in head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med 357:1705–1715

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porceddu SV, Jarmolowski E, Hicks RJ et al. (2005) Utility of positron emission tomography for the detection of disease in residual neck nodes after (chemo)radiotherapy in head and neck cancer. Head Neck 27:175–181

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Puthawala AA, Syed AM, Eads DL et al. (1988) Limited external beam and interstitial 192iridium irradiation in the treatment of carcinoma of the base of the tongue: a ten year experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 14:839–848

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Remmler D, Medina JE, Byers RM et al. (1985) Treatment of choice for squamous carcinoma of the tonsillar fossa. Head Neck Surg 7:206–211

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robbins KT, Medina JE, Wolfe GT et al. (1991) Standardizing neck dissection terminology. Official report of the Academy’s Committee for Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 117:601–605

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shah JP, Candela FC, Poddar AK (1990) The patterns of cervical lymph node metastases from squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity. Cancer 66:109–113

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaha AR, Shah JP (1995) Biopsy techniques in head and neck. Surg Oncol Clin North Am 4:15–28

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spanos WJ Jr. Shukovsky LJ, Fletcher GH (1976) Time, dose and tumour volume relationships in irradiation of squamous cell carcinomas of the base of the tongue. Cancer 37:2591–2599

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spector JG, Sessions DG, Haughey BH et al. (2001) Delayed regional metastases, distant metastases and second primary malignancies in squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx and hypopharynx. Laryngoscope 111:1079–1087

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spiro RH, Gerold FP, Strong EW (1981) Mandibular “swing” approach for oral and oropharyngeal tumors. Head Neck Surg 3:371–378

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Starr S, Rudat V, Stuetzer H et al. (2001) Intensified hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy limits the additional benefit of simultaneous chemotherapy — results of a multicentric randomized German trial in advanced head-andneck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 50:1161–1171

    Google Scholar 

  • Sykes AJ, Allan E, Irwin C (1996) Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip: the role of electron treatment. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 8:384–386

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trotti A, Bellm LA, Epstein JB et al. (2003) Mucositis incidence, severity and associated outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy: a systematic literature review. Radiother Oncol 66:253–262

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trotti A, Fu K, Pajak T et al. (2005) Long term outcomes of RTOG 90-03: a comparison of hyperfractionation and two variants of accelerated fractionation to standard fractionation radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 63:S70

    Google Scholar 

  • Vermorken, Remenar E, Van Herpen, C et al. (2007) Cisplatin, fluorouracil, and docetaxel in unresectable head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med 357:1695–1704

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang CC (1988) Local control of oropharyngeal carcinoma after two accelerated hyperfractionation radiation therapy schemes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 14:1143–1146

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinberger PM, Yu Z, Haffty BG et al. (2006) Molecular classification identifies a subset of human papillomavirusassociated oropharyngeal cancers with favorable prognosis. J Clin Oncol 24:736–747

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wendt TG, Grabenbauer GG, Rodel CM et al. (1998) Simultaneous radiochemotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in advanced head and neck cancer: a randomized multicenter study. J Clin Oncol 16:1318–1324

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamazaki H, Inoue T, Yoshida K et al. (2003) Brachytherapy for early oral tongue cancer: low dose rate to high dose rate. J Radiat Res (Tokyo) 44:37–40

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yao M, Graham MM, Hoffman HT et al. (2004) The role of post-radiation therapy FDG PET in prediction of necessity for post-radiation therapy neck dissection in locally advanced head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 59:1001–1010

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yao M, Smith RB, Graham MM et al. (2005) The role of FDG PET in management of neck metastasis from head-andneck cancer after definitive radiation treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 63:991–999

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yao M, Hoffman HT, Chang K et al. (2007) Is planned neck dissection necessary for head and neck cancer after intensity-modulated radiotherapy? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 68:707–713

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zackrisson B, Mercke C, Strander H et al. (2003 A systematic overview of radiation therapy effects in head and neck cancer. Acta Oncol 42:443–61

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hu, K., Harrison, L.B. (2008). Cancer of the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx. In: Lu, J.J., Brady, L.W. (eds) Radiation Oncology. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77385-6_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77385-6_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-77384-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-77385-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics