Abstract
Despite the considerable benefits of road pricing that economists and other analysts have shown, and despite the efforts of the EU to get road pricing implemented, it has not been implemented on a broad scale. It is still widely considered to be a radical and controversial policy. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of experiences with road pricing in Europe and elsewhere. We consider pricing issues in urban road and interurban road transport separately. The policies in the two areas have typically been different focusing in urban transport on the private car and in interurban on freight transport. Also existing analyses, both theoretical and conceptual and those using real-world simulation models, have mostly dealt with these two topics separately. For both areas we consider the current pricing schemes, barriers to pricing and likely next steps. A central theme arising from this chapter is the importance of institutional implementation issues, including political acceptability. These questions have been given too little attention both in research and in actual attempts to implement road-pricing measures.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
AFFORD. http://www.staresearch.fi/final-report1.pdf
Arnott, R., de Palma, A., Lindsey, R. (1993). A structural model of peak-period congestion: A traffic bottleneck with elastic demand. American Economic Review, 83(1): 161–179.
Bates, J., Polak, J., Jones, P., Cook, A. (2001). The valuation of reliability for personal travel. Transportation Research E, 37: 191–229.
Bonsall, P., Shires, J. Matthews, B., Maule, J., Beale, J. (2004). Road User Charging — Pricing Structures, Draft Final Report for the Department for Transport, July, University of Leeds: The Institute for Transport Studies.
Brownstone, D., Ghosh, A., Golob, T.F., Kazimi, C., Van Amelsfort, D. (2003). Drivers’ willingness to pay to reduce travel time: evidence from the San Diego I-15 congestion pricing project. Transportation Research A, 37A: 373–387.
CAPRI. http://www.its.leeds.ac.uk/projects/capri/index.html
CEC (1995). Towards Fair and Efficient Pricing in Transport-Policy Options for Internalising the Eexternal Costs of Transports in the European Union. Green Paper, COM(95) 691 European Commission, Brussels.
CEC (1998). Fair Payment for Infrastructure Use: A Phased Approach to a Common Transport Infrastructure Charging Framework in the EU. White Paper, COM(98) 466 European Commission, Brussels.
CEC (2001). European Transport Policy to 2010: Time to Decide. White Paper, COM(01) 370 European Commission, Brussels.
CEC (2003). Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council Amending Directive 1999/62/EC on the Charging of Heavy Goods Vehicles for the Use of Certain Infrastructures.
Chu, X. (1999). Alternative congestion pricing schedules. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 29: 697–722.
De Palma, A., Kilani, K., Lindsey, R., Moilanen, P., Proost, S., Sen, A., Vold, A., Niskanen, E. (2004). Welfare Effects — Urban Transport. MC-ICAM Deliverable 7. Project MC-ICAM. http://www.its.leeds.ac.uk/projects/mcicam/
De Palma, A., Quinet, E. (eds.) (2005). La tarification des transports. Pourquoi? Pour Qui? Les defis d’aujourd’hui et de demain. Economica, Paris.
DESIRE. http://www.tis.pt/proj/desire.htm
EXTERN-E. http://www.externe.info/
Faulhaber, G.R., Baumol, W.J. (1988). Economists as innovators: Practical products of theoretical research. Journal of Economic Literature, 26(2): 577–600.
Frey, B.S. (2003). Why are efficient transport policy instruments so seldom used? In Schade, J., Schlag, B. (eds.). Acceptability of Transport Pricing Strategies. Elsevier, North-Holland: 63–75.
Glazer, A. (2003). How to make unpopular policies popular after adoption. Paper presented at the third IMPRINT-EUROPE seminar, Leuven, May 2004.
IMPRINT-EUROPE. http://www.imprint-eu.org/
Lam, T.C., Small, K.A. (2001). The value of time and reliability: measurement from a value pricing experiment. Transportation Research E, 37: 231–251.
Lomax, T., Schrank, D., Turner, S. Margiotta, R. (2003). Selecting travel reliability measures. http://mobility.tamu.edu/ums/resources.stm (Accessed April 1, 2005)
MC-ICAM. http://www.its.leeds.ac.uk/projects/mcicam/
Milne, D., Niskanen, E., Verhoef, E. (2001). AFFORD Final Report.
Nash, C.A., Matthews, B. (2001). Why reform transport prices? Paper presented at the first IMPRINT-EUROPE Seminar, Brussels, 21–22 November 2001.
Niskanen, E., de Palma, A., Lindsey, R., Marler, N., May, T., Nash, C., Schade, J., Schlag, B., Verhoef, E. (2003). Pricing of Urban and Interurban Road Transport: Barriers, Constraints and Implementation Paths. MC-ICAM Deliverable 4.
Niskanen, E., Nash, C. (2004). MC-ICAM Final Report.
PETS. http://www.cordis.lu/transport/src/pets.htm
PROGRESS. http://www.progress-project.org/
Quinet, E. (1997). Full social cost of transportation in Europe. In: Greene, D.L., Jones, D.W., Delucchi, M.A. (eds.). The Full Costs and Benefits of Transportation. Springer, Berlin: 69–111.
Quinet, E. (2001). European pricing doctrines and the EU reform. Paper presented at the first IMPRINT-EUROPE Seminar, Brussels, 21–22 November 2001.
Ramjerdi, F., Minken, H., Ostmoe, K. (2004). Norwegian urban tolls. In: Santos, G. (ed.), Road Pricing: Theory and Evidence, Research in Transportation Economics 9, Elsevier Science, 237–249.
RECORDIT. http://www.recordit.org
Ricci, A., Fagiani, P. (2003). Identifying Mode-specific Issues for Pricing Reform. TIPP Deliverable 2.
Schrank, D., Lomax, T. (1999). The 1999 Annual Mobility Report Information for Urban America, Texas Transportation Institute. Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas http://mobility.tamu.edu
Schrank, D., Lomax, T. (2004). The 2004 Annual Mobility Report, Texas Transportation Institute. Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas http://mobility.tamu.edu
Schade, J. Schlag, B. (eds.) (2003). Acceptability of Transport Pricing Strategies. Elsevier.
Small, K.A. (1992). Urban Transportation Economics. In: Lesourne, J., Sonnenschein, H. (eds.). Fundamentals of Pure and Applied Economics. Harwood Academic Publishers, Chur, Switzerland.
Small, K.A., Noland, R.B., Koskenoja, P.M. (1995). Socio-economic Attitudes and Impacts of Travel Reliability: A Stated Preference Approach. PATH Report, MOU-117, California Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways.
TIPP. http://www.strafica.fi/tipp/
TRENEN. http://www.cordis.lu/transport/src/trenen1.htm
UNITE. http://www.its.leeds.ac.uk/projects/unite/index.html
Viegas, J. (2002). Tolling Heavy Goods Vehicles on European Roads: From a Diverse Set of Solutions to Interoperability? Paper presented at the second IMPRINT-EUROPE seminar, 14–15 May 2002, Brussels.
Vickrey, W.S. (1969). Congestion theory and transport investment. American Economic Review (Papers and Proceedings), 59(2): 251–260.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Niskanen, E., Nash, C. (2008). Road Pricing in Europe — A Review of Research and Practice. In: Jensen-Butler, C., Sloth, B., Larsen, M.M., Madsen, B., Nielsen, O.A. (eds) Road Pricing, the Economy and the Environment. Advances in Spatial Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77150-0_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77150-0_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-77149-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-77150-0
eBook Packages: Business and EconomicsEconomics and Finance (R0)