Even before the discovery of pulsars, pulsar wind nebulae (PWN) like the Crab Nebula were identified as belonging to a class of cosmic radio sources with rela-tivistic electrons moving in magnetized plasmas to give the continuum radiation as observed. Visionaries like [36] already predicted that we should be able to measure the magnetic field strength in PWN using the combination of synchrotron and inverse Compton (IC) radiation. Following this, [43] were the first to provide us with a sophisticated one dimensional (1D) magneto hydrodynamical models (MHD) model of the Crab Nebula, which predicted a magnetic field strength distribution, consistent with broadband multi-wavelength (radio through very high energy gamma-ray) constraints [12,25, 39].
The discovery of the Crab pulsar in 1968 confirmed suspicions that a rapidly spinning neutron star should provide the energy input into the Crab Nebula, but soon questions concerning the spin-down of pulsars in relation to the evolution of the nebulae arose. Whereas a few Crab-like remnants were discovered, Vela X, assumed to be associated with the 11,000 year old Vela pulsar, raised the question about the evolution of PWN as described by [63]. More serious evolutionary studies of PWN in supernova remnants (SNR) were launched by [56] and [55], but the offset of Vela X relative to the Vela pulsar raised the question if Vela X is indeed associated with the Vela pulsar. We also focus on Vela X in this discussion for the very specific reason that it serves as a prototype of evolved PWN. A wealth of new information on Vela X and similar evolved PWN became recently available as discussed in this review paper.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Achterberg, A., Gallant, Y.A., Kirk, J.G., et al., 2001, MNRAS, 328, 393
Aharonian, F.A., 2000, New Astron, 5, 377
Aharonian, F.A., et al. (H.E.S.S. Collaboration), 2005, Science, 307, 1938
Aharonian, F.A., et al. (H.E.S.S. Collaboration), 2005, A&A, 439, 1013
Aharonian, F.A., et al. (H.E.S.S. Collaboration), 2005, A&A, 442, L25
Aharonian, F.A., et al. (H.E.S.S. Collaboration), 2006, A&A, 448, L43
Aharonian, F.A., et al. (H.E.S.S. Collaboration), 2006, ApJ, 636, 777
Aharonian, F.A., et al. (H.E.S.S. Collaboration), 2006, A&A, 460, 365
Aharonian, F.A., Atoyan, A.M. & Kifune, T., 1997, MNRAS, 291, 162
Amato, A. & Arons, J., 2006, ApJ, 653, 325
Arons, J., 2004, Acceleration and dissipation in relativistic winds, In Young Neutron Stars and Their Environments, IAU Symposium no. 218, Sydney, Australia, ed. by Fernando Camilo and Bryan M. Gaensler. San Francisco, CA: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, p. 163
Atoyan, A.M. & Aharonian, F.A., 1996, MNRAS, 278, 525
Becker, W.E., Kramer, M., Jessner, A., et al., 2006, ApJ, 645, 1421
Blondin, J.M., Chevalier, R.A., & Frierson D.M., 2001, ApJ, 563, 806
Blumenthal, G.R. & Gould, R.J., 1970, Rev. Mod. Phys., 42, 237
Bocchino, F., Warwick, R.S., Marty, P., et al., 2001, A&A, 369, 1078
Bogovalov, S.V., Chechetkin, V.M., Koldoba, A.V., et al., 2005, MNRAS, 358, 705
Chevalier, R.A., 2004, Adv Space Res, 33, 456
Clifton, T.R., Lyne, A.G., Jones, A.W., et al., 1992, MNRAS, 254, 177
Cordes, J.M. & Lazio, T.J.W., 2002, unpublished (Astro-ph/0207156)
Coroniti, F.V., 1990, ApJ, 349, 538
de Jager, O.C., 2005, H.E.S.S. Observations of Pulsar Wind Nebulae, in Astrophysical Sources of High Energy Particles and Radiation, ed. by B. Rudak, (AIP Conf. Proc. 2005), 801, 298
de Jager, O.C., 2007, ApJ, 658, 1177
de Jager, O.C., Funk, S., & Hinton, J.A., 2005, in Proc. of the 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 4, 239
de Jager, O.C. & Harding, A.K., 1992, ApJ, 396, 161
de Jager, O.C., Harding, A.K., Baring, M., et al., 1995, Gamma-Ray Plerions, in Proc. of the 24th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., OG 2, 528
de Jager, O.C., Harding, A.K., Michelson, P.F., et al., 1996, ApJ, 457, 253
de Jager, O.C., Harding, A.K., Sreekumar, P., et al., 1996, A&AS, 120, 441
de Jager, O.C. & Venter, C., 2005, in Towards a Network of Atmospheric Cherenkov Detectors VII, Cherenkov 2005 Proceedings, ed. by B. Degrange, G. Fontaine. (astro-ph/0511098)
du Plessis, I., de Jager, O.C. & Buchner, S., et al., 1995, ApJ, 453, 746
Gaensler, B.M., Arons, J., & Kaspi, V.M., et al., 2002, ApJ, 569, 878
Gaensler, B.M., Schulz, N.S., & Kaspi, V.M., et al., 2003, ApJ, 588, 441
Gaensler, B.M. & Slane, P.O., 2006, Ann. Rev. A&A, 44, 17
Gallant, Y.A. (for the H.E.S.S. Collaboration), 2007, Ap&SS, 309, 197
Gotthelf, E.V. & Olbert, C.M. in Proc. of the 270 WE-Heraeus Seminar on Neutron Stars, Pul sars, and Supernova Remnants, MPE Report 278, ed. by W. Becker, H. Lesch, & J. Trümper (Garching bei München: Max-Plank-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, 2002), 159
Gould, R.J., 1965, Phys Rev Lett, 15, 577
Hales, A.S., Casassus, S., Alvarez, H., et al., 2004, ApJ, 613, 977
Harding, A.K. & Gaisser, T.K., 1990, ApJ, 358, 561
Hillas, A.M., et al. (Whipple Collaboration) 1998, ApJ, 503, 744
Hinton, J.A., et al. (the H.E.S.S. Collaboration) 2004, New Astron Rev, 48, 331
Hinton, J.A & Aharonian, F.A., 2007, A&A., 657, 302
Horns, D., Aharonian, F.A., Santangelo, A., et al., 2006, A&A, 451, L51
Kennel, C.F. & Coroniti, F.V., 1984, ApJ, 283, 710
LaMassa, A., Slane, P.O. & de Jager, O.C. 2006, American Astronomical Society Meeting 208, No. 3.03
Lemiére, A., 2006, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Paris 7 and College de France, Paris
Lemiére, A., Terrier, R., & Djannati-Ataï, A., 2005, in Proc. of the 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 4, 105
Mangano, V., Massaro, E., Bocchino, F, et al., 2005, A&A, 436, 917
Markwardt, C.B. & Ö gelman, H., 1997, ApJ, 480, L13
Matheson, H. & Safi-Harb, S., 2005, Adv Space Res, 35, 1099
Milne, D.K., 1995, MNRAS, 277, 1435
Ng, C.-Y. & Romani, R.W., 2004, ApJ, 601, 479
Porquet, D., Decourchelle, A., & Warwick, R.S., 2003, A&A, 401, 197
Rees, M.J. & Gunn, J.E., 1974, MNRAS, 167, 1
Reynolds, S.P., 1988, ApJ, 327, 853
Reynolds, S.P. & Chanan, G.A., 1984, ApJ, 281, 673
Reynolds, S.P. & Chevalier, R.A., 1984, ApJ, 278, 630
Sefako, R.R. & de Jager, O.C. 2003, ApJ, 593, 1013
Slane, P.O., Helfand, D., van der Swaluw, E., et al., 2004, ApJ, 616, 403
Steenberg, C.D. 1988, Ph.D. thesis, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus
van der Swaluw, E. & Wu, Y. 2001, ApJ, 555, L49
Wang, Q.D., Li, Z.Y. & Begelman, M.C. 1993, Nature, 364, 127
Weiler, K.W. & Panagia, N. 1978, A&A, 70, 419
Weiler, K.W. & Panagia, N. 1980, A&A, 90, 269
Wilson, D.B. & Rees, M.J. 1978, MNRAS, 185, 297
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
de Jager, O.C., Djannati-Ataï, A. (2009). Implications of HESS Observations of Pulsar. In: Becker, W. (eds) Neutron Stars and Pulsars. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 357. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76965-1_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76965-1_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-76964-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-76965-1
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)