Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Are Your Rules Online? Four Web Rule Essentials

  • Conference paper
Advances in Rule Interchange and Applications (RuleML 2007)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 4824))

Abstract

Four principal Web rule issues constitute our starting points: I1) Formal knowledge representation can act as content in its own right and/or as metadata for content. I2) Knowledge on the open Web is typically inconsistent but closed ‘intranet’ reasoning can exploit local consistency. I3) Scalability of reasoning calls for representation layering on top of quite inexpressive languages. I4) Rule representation should stay compatible with relevant Web standards.

To address these, four corresponding essentials of Web rules have emerged: E1) Combine formal and informal knowledge in a Rule Wiki, where the formal parts can be taken as code (or as metadata) for the informal parts, and the informal parts as documentation (or as content) for the formal parts. This can be supported by tools for Controlled Natural Language: mapping a subset of, e.g., English into rules and back. E2) Represent distributed knowledge via a module construct, supporting local consistency, permitting scoped negation as failure, and reducing the search space of scoped queries. Modules are embedded into an ‘Entails’ element: prove whether a query is entailed by a module. E3) Develop a dual layering of assertional and terminological knowledge as well as their blends. To permit the specification of terminologies independent of assertions, the CARIN principle is adopted: a terminological predicate is not permitted in the head of a rule. E4) Differentiate the Web notion of URIs as in URLs, for access, vs. URNs, for naming. A URI can then be used: URL-like, for module import, where it is an error if dereferencing does not yield a valid knowledge document; URN-like, as an identifier, where dereferencing is not intended; or, as a name whose dereferencing can access its (partial) definition.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Antoniou, G., Damasio, C.V., Grosof, B., Horrocks, I., Kifer, M., Maluszynski, J., Patel-Schneider, P.F.: Combining Rules and Ontologies – A Survey. Deliverables I3-D3, REWERSE (March 2005), http://rewerse.net/deliverables/m12/i3-d3.pdf

  2. Bassiliades, N., Antoniou, G., Vlahavas, I.P.: A Defeasible Logic Reasoner for the Semantic Web. In: Antoniou, G., Boley, H. (eds.) RuleML 2004. LNCS, vol. 3323, pp. 49–64. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Ball, M., Boley, H., Hirtle, D., Mei, J., Spencer, B.: The OO jDREW Reference Implementation of RuleML. In: Adi, A., Stoutenburg, S., Tabet, S. (eds.) RuleML 2005. LNCS, vol. 3791, pp. 218–223. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Bhavsar, V.C., Boley, H., Yang, L.: A Weighted-Tree Similarity Algorithm for Multi-Agent Systems in e-Business Environments. In: Proc. Business Agents and the Semantic Web (BASeWEB) Workshop. Also in: Computational Intelligence ( November 2004)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Baisley, D.E., Hall, J., Chapin, D.: Semantic Formulations in SBVR. In: Rule Languages for Interoperability. W3C, (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Biletskiy, Y., Hirtle, D., Vorochek, O.: Toward the Identification and Elimination of Semantic Conflicts for Integration of Ontologies. In: Canadian Semantic Web. Semantic Web and Beyond: Computing for Human Experience, pp. 135–142. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Boley, H., Kifer, M.: RIF Core Design. In: W3C Working Draft, W3C (March 2007), http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-rif-core-20070330/

  8. Boley, H., Kifer, M., Pătrânjan, P.-L., Polleres, A.: Rule Interchange on the Web. In: Reasoning Web 2007. LNCS, vol. 4636, pp. 269–309. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Berners-Lee, T.: Webizing Existing Systems. In: World Wide Web Consortium, personal notes on: Design Issues – Architectural and Philosophical Points (May 2001), http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Webize.html

  10. Berners-Lee, T.: World Wide Web Consortium. In: personal notes on: Design Issues – Architectural and Philosophical Points (March 2006), http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Notation3

  11. Bugliesi, M., Lamma, E., Mello, P.: Modularity in Logic Programming. Journal of Logic Programming 19/20, 443–502 (1994)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Boley, H.: ONTOFILE: Exterior and Interior Ontologies of File/HTTP URLs. In: Jaakkola, H., Kangassalo, H., Kawaguchi, E. (eds.) Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases X, IOS Press, Amsterdam, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, Spring (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Boley, H.: Object-Oriented RuleML: User-Level Roles, URI-Grounded Clauses, and Order-Sorted Terms. In: Schroeder, M., Wagner, G. (eds.) RuleML 2003. LNCS, vol. 2876, pp. 1–16. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Boley, H.: The RuleML Family of Web Rule Languages. In: Alferes, J.J., Bailey, J., May, W., Schwertel, U. (eds.) PPSWR 2006. LNCS, vol. 4187, pp. 1–17. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Fuchs, N.E., Höfler, S., Kaljurand, K., Rinaldi, F., Schneider, G.: Attempto Controlled English: A Knowledge Representation Language Readable by Humans and Machines. In: Eisinger, N., Małuszyński, J. (eds.) Reasoning Web. LNCS, vol. 3564, pp. 213–250. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Grau, B.C., Calvanese, D., Giacomo, G.D., Horrocks, I., Lutz, C., Motik, B., Parsia, B., Patel-Schneider, P.F.: OWL 1.1 Web Ontology Language Tractable Fragments. In: W3C Member Submission (December 2006), http://www.w3.org/Submission/owl11-tractable/

  17. Grosof, B.N.: Representing e-Commerce Rules via Situated Courteous Logic Programs in RuleML. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 3(1), 2–20 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Halpin, H.: Identity, Reference, and Meaning on the Web. WWW2006 Workshop on Identity, Reference, and the Web May (2006), http://www.ibiblio.org/hhalpin/irw2006/,

  19. Hayes, P.: RDF Semantics. W3C Recommendation (February 2004)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Haemmerlé, R., Fages, F.: Modules for Prolog Revisited. Rapport de recherche No. 5869, INRIA, Rocquencourt March (2006), http://hal.inria.fr/inria-00070157/en/,

  21. Hirtle, D.: TRANSLATOR: A TRANSlator from LAnguage TO Rules. In: Canadian Symposium on Text Analysis (CaSTA), Fredericton, Canada, October 2006, pp. 127–139 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Horrocks, I., Patel-Schneider, P.F., Boley, H., Tabet, S., Grosof, B., Dean, M.: Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL). W3C Member Submission (May 2004), http://www.w3.org/Submission/2004/SUBM-SWRL-20040521/

  23. Kifer, M., de Bruijn, J., Boley, H., Fensel, D.: A Realistic Architecture for the Semantic Web. In: Adi, A., Stoutenburg, S., Tabet, S. (eds.) RuleML 2005. LNCS, vol. 3791, pp. 17–29. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  24. Knuth, D.E.: Literate programming. The Computer Journal 27(2), 97–111 (1984)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Kuhn, T.: AceRules: Executing Rules in Controlled Natural Language. In: Marchiori, M., Pan, J.Z., de Sainte Marie, C. (eds.) RR. LNCS, vol. 4524, pp. 299–308. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Li, J., Boley, H., Bhavsar, V.C., Mei, J.: Expert Finding for eCollaboration Using FOAF with RuleML Rules. In: Montreal Conference of eTechnologies 2006, pp. 53–65 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Levy, A.A., Rousset, M.-C.: CARIN: A Representation Language Combining Horn Rules and Description Logics. Artificial Intelligence 104(1–2), 165–209 (1998)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  28. Maclachlan, A., Boley, H.: Semantic Web Rules for Business Information. In: WTAS 2005. Proc. International Conference on Web Technologies, Applications, and Services, Calgary, Canada, IASTED (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  29. McCarthy, J.: Notes on Formalizing Context. In: IJCAI, pp. 555–562 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Mei, J., Lin, Z., Boley, H.: ALC\(^u_P\): An Integration of Description Logic and General Rules. In: Marchiori, M., Pan, J.Z., de Sainte Marie, C. (eds.) RR 2007. LNCS, vol. 4524, pp. 163–177. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Mei, J., Lin, Z., Boley, H., Li, J., Bhavsar, V.C.: The DatalogDL Combination of Deduction Rules and Description Logics. Computational Intelligence 23(3), 356–372 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Muñoz, S., Pérez, J., Gutiérrez, C.: Minimal Deductive Systems for RDF. In: Franconi, E., Kifer, M., May, W. (eds.) ESWC 2007. LNCS, vol. 4519, pp. 53–67. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Paschke, A.: Rule-Based Service Level Agreements – Knowledge Representation for Automated e-Contract, SLA and Policy Management. IDEA Verlag GmbH, Munich, forthcoming (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Paschke, A., Kozlenkov, A., Boley, H.: A Homogenous Reaction Rule Language for Complex Event Processing. In: EDA-PS 2007. Proc. 2nd International Workshop on Event Drive Architecture and Event Processing Systems, Vienna, Austria, September 2007 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Reiter, R.: On Integrity Constraints. In: Vardi, M.Y. (ed.) Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge, pp. 97–111. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Rosati, R.: The Limits and Possibilities of Combining Description Logics and Datalog. In: Eiter, T., Franconi, E., Hodgson, R., Stephens, S. (eds.) RuleML, pp. 3–4. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Schild, K.: On the Model Theory of RDF. In: Bab und T. Noll, S. (ed.) Models and Human Reasoning – Eine Festschrift für Bernd Mahr, pp. 189–206. Wissensch. & Technik Verlag, Berlin (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Sintek, M., Decker, S.: TRIPLE – A Query, Inference, and Transformation Language for the Semantic Web. In: ISWC 2002. 1st International Semantic Web Conference, Sardinia, Italy (June 2002)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Sintek, M., van Elst, L., Scerri, S., Handschuh, S.: Distributed Knowledge Representation on the Social Semantic Desktop: Named Graphs, Views and Roles in NRL. In: Franconi, E., Kifer, M., May, W. (eds.) ESWC 2007. LNCS, vol. 4519, pp. 594–608. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Yang, G., Kifer, M.: Reasoning about Anonymous Resources and Meta Statements on the Semantic Web. In: Spaccapietra, S., March, S., Aberer, K. (eds.) Journal on Data Semantics I. LNCS, vol. 2800, pp. 69–97. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Information Technology – e-Business, National Research Council of Canada, Fredericton, NB, E3B 9W4, Canada

    Harold Boley

Authors
  1. Harold Boley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Adrian Paschke Yevgen Biletskiy

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Boley, H. (2007). Are Your Rules Online? Four Web Rule Essentials. In: Paschke, A., Biletskiy, Y. (eds) Advances in Rule Interchange and Applications. RuleML 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4824. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75975-1_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75975-1_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-75974-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-75975-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation