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Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System

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Diagnostic Neuroradiology

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Abstract

The term demyelinating diseases of CNS denotes primary conditions of unknown aetiology (idiopathic) that cause destruction of normally developed myelin sheaths. These disorders are multiple sclerosis, its classic form, and atypical types (Marburg, Devic’s opticomyelitis, Balò’s concentric sclerosis, and Schilder’s disease) and inflammatory, tumour-like demyelination. In addition, there are disorders with secondary demyelination and/or destruction of white matter, such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), HIV-associated leukoencephalopathy, and several slowly progressive demyelinating disorders of viral aetiology. Several authors relate to demyelinating disorders other secondary demyelinating conditions of other aetiologies, such as nutritional and vitamin deficiency, osmotic impairments (central pontine myelinolysis, Marchiafava- Bignami disease and others), genetic abnormalities (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, AVED syndromes, ataxiatelangiectasia, α-β-lipoproteinaemia, etc.), and several other diseases and conditions. Only classic demyelinating will be discussed in this chapter. Inherited myelinopathies and secondary demyelinating disorders of toxic and metabolic origin are discussed in Chap. 12.

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(2009). Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System. In: Diagnostic Neuroradiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75653-8_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75653-8_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-75652-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-75653-8

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