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Hydrogel Sensors and Actuators pp 197–220Cite as

Hydrogels for Biosensors

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Part of the book series: Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors ((SSSENSORS,volume 6))

Abstract

Hydrogels are valuable materials for use in biosensors. They can be used for immobilization as well as for creating protecting layers controlling diffusion and enhancing biocompatibility. Highly stable biosensors use hydrogels for entrapment of enzymes on microelectrodes. The stability of enzymes in hydrogel membranes for biosensors can be enhanced by choosing the right microenvironment using micro-hydrogels. The thermodynamic stability of the entrapped enzymes in micro-gels can be characterized via differential scanning calorimetry (nano-DSC). Hydrogel-based biosensors were characterized by nano-DSC showing that hydrogel membranes are excellent for creating long-term stable enzyme biosensors. Additionally, smart hydrogels can be used as stimuli responsive materials enabling sensing as well as actuating performance.

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Abbreviations

3D:

Three dimensional

AA:

Acrylamid

BIS:

N,N´-methylene bisacrylamide

bipy:

2,2´-Bipyridine

CaM:

Calmoduline

Co:

Cobalt

CPZ:

Chlorpromazine

DSC:

Dynamic scanning calorimetry

FAD:

Flavine adenine dinucleotide

GndHCl:

Guanidinium hydrochloride

GOx:

Glucose oxidase

HEMA:

Hydroxyethyl methacrylate

LC:

Liquid crystal

Medox :

Electrochemical active mediator (oxidized form)

MEMS:

Micro electro mechanical systems

N:

Number of electrons

Os:

Osmium

PAAm:

Poly(acrylamide)

PBS:

Phosphate buffered saline

PCB:

Printed circuit board

PDMS:

Poly(dimethylsiloxan)

PECVD:

Plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition

PEG-3000:

Poly(ethylene glycol) of molecular weight 3000 g/mol

pHEMA:

Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)

PVA:

Poly(vinyl alcohol)

Ru:

Ruthenium

TEGDMA:

triethylene glycol dimethacrylate

TEMED:

N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl ethylenediamine

vinpy:

4-Vinylpyridine

A :

Electrode area

c s :

Analyte concentration

D S :

Diffusion coefficient of analyte s

δN :

Nernst layer thickness

Δ DN G :

Free energy of denatutration

Δ DN H :

Enthalpy of denatutration

Δ DN S :

Entropy of denatutration

Δ DN C :

Heat capacity of denatutration

F:

Faraday constant

I d :

Diffusional current

N :

Number of electrons

T :

Temperature

T m :

Denaturation temperature

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Microsystems Technology (IMTEK), Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg (FRIAS), Freiburg, Germany

    G. A. Urban

  2. Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques, Bad Heiligenstadt, Germany

    T. Weiss

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  1. G. A. Urban
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  2. T. Weiss
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Correspondence to G. A. Urban .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fak. Elektrotechnik, TU Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 18, Dresden, 01069, Germany

    Gerald Gerlach

  2. Inst. Physikalische Chemie und, TU Dresden, Bergstr. 66 B, Dresden, 01069, Germany

    Karl-Friedrich Arndt

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Urban, G.A., Weiss, T. (2009). Hydrogels for Biosensors. In: Gerlach, G., Arndt, KF. (eds) Hydrogel Sensors and Actuators. Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors, vol 6. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75645-3_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75645-3_6

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