Abstract
The calibration of geodetic GPS antennae has been a topic of intensive research over the last 10 years. Different methods have been tested to determine the phase centre position and its variations. Not all of these methods have been used “in situ”, where the antenna is receiving real measurements.
The paper describes the influence of the surrounding ground conditions on multipath effects of GNSS antennas, as well as the impact of snow cover on antenna. This is particularly important in polar regions where the antennae are located to the nearest rocky outcrop.
The influence of changes in different local conditions on the phase centre position of the antenna located at different heights above the ground is also discussed in this paper.
A project on the development of the method of GNSS antennae calibrations taking into account the parameters of local conditions was established in the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw, Poland. A simple and portable prototype of the device for antenna calibration was constructed and it is currently undergoing intensive investigation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Cisak J., Zanimonskiy Y. (2005): Wyznaczanie centrum fazowego anten GNSS metoda dynamicznego nachylania. Presented at Seminarium “Satelitarne metody wyznaczania pozycji we wspolczesnej geodezji i nawigacji” Poznan, 23–24 czerwca 2005
Dobrzycka M., Cisak J., (2001): Polska sie geodynamiczna 1997 epoka 0. Prace IGiK 2001, t. 48, z 103.
Görres B., Campbell J., Becker M., Siemes M., (2006): Absolute calibration of GPS antennas: laboratory results and comparison with field and robot techniques. GPS Solutions (2006) 10, pp. 136–145.
Grejner-Brzezinska D.A., Vázquez G.E. Hothem L.,(2006) Geodetic Antenna Calibration Test in the Antarctic Environment. ION GNSS 19th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division, 26–29 September 2006, Fort Worth, TX, pp, 2798–2806.
Krynski J., Zanimonskiy Y.(2002) Contribution of Data from Polar Regions to the Investigation of Short Term Geodynamics. First Results and Perspectives. Antarctic Geodesy Symposium 2001, 17–20 July, St Petersburg, Russia, SCAR Report, No 21 January 2002, Cambridge, UK, pp. 56–60.
Mader G., (1999): GPS Antenna Calibration at the National Geodetic Survey. GPS Solutions, Vol. 3, No. 1, 1999, pp. 50–58.
Meertens C., Rocken C., Braun J., Stephens B., Alber C., Ware R., Exner M., Kolesnikoff P., (1997): Antenna type, mount, height, mixing, and snow effects in high-accuracy GPS observations, The Global Positioning System for the Geosciences. Summary and Proceedings of a Workshop on Improving the GPS Reference Station Infrastructure for Earth, Oceanic, and Atmospheric Science Applications, NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. 1997, pp. 211–218.
Niell A., (1997): Near-Field Problems for GPS Antennas. The Global Positioning System for the Geosciences. Summary and Proceedings of a Workshop on Improving the GPS Reference Station Infrastructure for Earth, Oceanic, and Atmospheric Science Applications, NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington D.C. 1997, pp. 219–222.
Ray J., (2006): Systematic Errors in GPS Position Estimates. IGS Workshop, Darmstadt, 11 May 2006 ftp://ftp.ngs.noaa.gov/dist/Jimr/igsframe-igs06.pdf
Rothacher M., Schmid R. (2002): GPS-Antennenkalibrierung aus nationaler und internationaler Sicht. 4. SAPOS-Symposium 21–23 May 2002, Hannover, pp 124–131.
Wübbena G., Schmitz M., Menge F., Seeber G., Völksen C., (1997): A New approach for field calibration of absolute antenna phase center variations, Inst Navigat 44: 2.
Wübbena, G., Schmitz, M., Boettcher, G. (2006): Near-field Effects on GNSS Sites: Analysis using Absolute Robot Calibrations and Procedures to Determine Corrections, Presented at IGS Workshop. The International GNSS Service (IGS): Perspectives and Visions for 2010 and beyond, 8–12 May 2006, Darmstadt, Germany.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cisak, J., Zanimonskiy, Y.M. (2008). Results of the Investigations of the GNSS Antennae in the Framework of SCAR GIANT Project “In Situ GNSS Antenna Tests and Validation of Phase Centre Calibration Data”. In: Capra, A., Dietrich, R. (eds) Geodetic and Geophysical Observations in Antarctica. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74882-3_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74882-3_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-74881-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-74882-3
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)