Digital Libraries Without Databases: The Bleek and Lloyd Collection

Abstract

Digital library systems are frequently defined with a focus on data collections, traditionally implemented as databases. However, when preservation and widespread access are most critical, some curators are considering how best to build digital library systems without databases. In many instances, XML-based formats are recommended because of many known advantages. This paper discusses the Bleek and Lloyd Collection, where such a solution was adopted. The Bleek and Lloyd Collection is a set of books and drawings that document the language and culture of some Bushman groups in Southern Africa, arguably one of the oldest yet most vulnerable and fragile cultures in the world. Databases were avoided because of the need for multi-OS support, long-term preservation and the use of large collections in remote locations with limited Internet access. While there are many advantages in using XML, scalability concerns are a limiting factor. This paper discusses how many of the scalability problems were overcome, resulting in a viable XML-centric solution for both greater preservation and access.