Micron-sized dust particles in laboratory plasmas have large negative charges (ǀQǀ = 103 ~ 105e) as a result of interaction with ambient plasma. They form structures known as Coulomb crystals when the electrostatic energy is much more than the thermal energy of dust particles. In this section, fundamental physics of a complex plasma is described. Numerical simulation shows particle dynamics forming Coulomb clusters and experiments show the change of the charges of dust particles by irradiating the electron beam and Coulomb cluster formation in cryogenic environment.
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Shindo, M., Ishihara, O. (2008). Study of Complex Plasmas. In: Ohno, K., Tanaka, M., Takeda, J., Kawazoe, Y. (eds) Nano- and Micromaterials. Advances in Materials Research, vol 9. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74557-0_13
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