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References
Mechanical Pump
H. Hamacher, Vacuum 32, 729 (1982).
W. Teubner, Vak. Tech. 16, 69 (1967).
K. M. Welch, Vacuum 23, 271 (1973).
Mechanical Pump
N. S. Harris and L. Budgen, “Design and manufacture of modern mechanical vacuum pump”, Vacuum 26 (12), pp. 525–529 (1976).
B. S. Ramprasad and T. S. Radha, “On some design aspects of rotary vane pumps”, Vacuum 23 (7), pp. 245–249 (1973).
Diffusion Pump
M. H. Hablanian and J. C. Maliakal, “Advances in diffusion pump technology”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 10 (1), pp. 58–64 (1973).
H.-P. Kabelitz and J. K. Fremerey, “Turbomolecular vacuum pumps with a new magnetic bearing concept”, Vacuum 38 (8–10), pp. 673–676 (1988).
G. Levi, “Combination of turbomolecular pumping stages and molecular drag stages”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 10 (4), pp. 2619–2622 (1992).
B. Cho, S. Lee, and S. Chung, “Creation of extreme high vacuum with a turbomolecular pumping system: A baking approach”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13 (4), pp. 2228–2232 (1995).
Dry Vacuum Pump
P. A. Lessard, “Dry vacuum pumps for semiconductor processes: Guidelines for primary pump selection”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 18 (4), pp. 1777–1781 (2000).
I. Akutsu and T. Ohmi, “Innovation of the fore pump and roughing pump for high-gas-flow semiconductor processing”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 17 (6), pp. 3505–3508 (1999).
R.-Y. Jou, H.-P. Cheng, Y.-W. Chang, F.-Z. Chen, and M. Iwane, “Designs, analyses, and tests of a spiral-grooved turbobooster pump”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 18 (3), pp. 1016–1024 (2000).
A. Liepert and P. Lessard, “Design and operation of scroll-type primary vacuum pumps”,J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 19 (4), pp. 1708–1711 (2001).
“Handbook of Vacuum Science and Technology”, edited by D. M. Hoffman, B. Singh, and J. H. Thomas, III, Academic Press. pp. 84–96.
H.-P. Cheng and M.-T. Chiang, “Pumping performance investigation of a turbobooster vacuum pump equipped with spiral-grooved rotor and inner housing by the computational fluids dynamics method”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 21 (4), pp. 1458–1463 (2003).
S. Giors, E. Colombo, F. Inzoli, F. Subba, and R. Zanino, “Computational fluid dynamic model of a tapered Holweck vacuum pump operating in the viscous and transition regimes. I. Vacuum performance”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 24 (4), pp. 1584–1591 (2006).
R. P. Davis, R. A. Abreu, and A. D. Chew, “Dry vacuum pump: A method for the evaluation of the degree of dry”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 28 (4), pp. 1782–1788 (2000).
Cryopump
P. D. Bentley, “The modern cryopump”, Vacuum 30 (4/5), pp. 145–158 (1980).
H.-H. Klein, R. Heisig, and C. M. Augustine, “Use of refrigerator-cooled cryopumps in sputtering plants”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 2 (2), pp. 187–190 (1984).
R. W. Dennison and G. R. Gray, “Cryogenic versus turbomolecular pumping in a sputtering application”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16 (2), pp. 728–730 (1979).
H.-P. Cheng and Y.-H. Shen, “Effect of heat on the pumping performance of cryopump”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 24(4), pp. 1597–1600 (2006).
R. E. Honig and H. O. Hook, “Vapor pressure data for some common gases”, RCA Review, September, pp. 360–368 (1960).
Sputter Ion Pump
D. Andrew, “The development of sputter-ion pumps”, Proc. of the 4th Internl. Vacuum Congress, 1968 (Manchester, April 1668), pp. 325–331.
R. L. Jepsen, “The physics of sputter-ion pumps”, Proc. of the 4th Internl. Vacuum Congress, 1968 (Manchester, April 1968), pp. 317–324.
S. L. Rutherford, “Sputter-ion pumps for low pressure operation”, Transactions of the 10th National Vacuum Symposium, 1963 (Macmillan, New York, 1964), pp.185–190.
K. Ohara, I. Ando, and N. Yoshimura, “Pumping characteristics of sputter ion pumps with high-magnetic-flux densities in an ultrahigh-vacuum range”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 10 (5), pp. 3340–3343 (1992).
R. L. Jepsen, A. B. Francis, S. L. Rutherford, and B. E. Kietzmann, “Stabilized air pumping with diode type getter-ion pumps”, Transactions of the 7th National Vacuum Symposium, 1960 (Pergamon Press, New York, 1961), pp. 45–50.
P. N. Baker and L. Laurenson, “Pumping mechanisms for the inert gases in diode Penning pumps”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 9 (1), pp. 375–379 (1972).
D. R. Denison, “Comparison of diode and triode sputter-ion pumps”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 14 (1), pp. 633–635 (1977).
S. Komiya and N. Yagi, “Enhancement of noble gas pumping for a sputter-ion pump”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 6 (1), pp. 54–57 (1969).
N. Yoshimura, K. Ohara, I. Ando, and H. Hirano, “Ar-pumping characteristics of diode-type sputter ion pumps with various shapes of ‘Ta/Ti’ cathode pairs”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 10 (3), pp. 553–555 (1992).
N. Yoshimura, K. Ohara, I. Ando, and H. Hirano, “Ar-pumping characteristics of diode-type sputter ion pumps with various shapes of ‘Ta/Ti’ cathode pairs”, Shinku (J. Vac. Soc. Japan) 35 (6), pp. 574–578 (1992) (in Japanese).
K. M. Welch, D. J. Pate, and R. J. Todd, “Pumping of helium and hydrogen by sputter-ion pumps. (1) Helium pumping”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 11 (4), pp. 1607–1613 (1993).
K. M. Welch, D. J. Pate, and R. J. Todd, “Pumping of helium and hydrogen by sputter-ion pumps. (2) Hydrogen pumping”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 12 (3), pp. 861–866 (1994).
Getter Pump
D. J. Harra, “Review of sticking coefficients and sorption capacities of gases on titanium films”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 13 (1) pp. 471–474 (1976).
D. Edwards, Jr., “Methane outgassing from a Ti sublimation pump”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 17 (1), pp. 279–281 (1980).
C. Benvenuti and P. Chiggiato, “Pumping characteristics of the St707 nonevaporable getter (Zr 70 V 24.6 Fe 5.4 wt%)”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 14 (6), pp. 3278–3282 (1996).
Y. Li, D. Hess, R. Kersevan, and N. Mistry, “Design and pumping characteristics of a compact titanium-vanadium non-evaporable getter pump”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 16 (3), pp. 1139–1144 (1998).
Measurement of Pumping Speeds
D. F. Munro and T. Tom, “Speed measuring of ion getter pumps by the ‘three-gauge’ method”, 1965 Trans. 3rd Internl. Vacuum Congress, pp. 377–380.
H. Hirano and N. Yoshimura, “A three-point-pressure method for measuring the gas-flow rate through a conducting pipe”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 4 (6), pp. 2526–2530 (1986).
H. Hirano and N. Yoshimura, “A three-point-pressure method for measuring the gas-flow rate through a conducting pipe”, Shinku (J. Vac. Soc. Japan) 30 (6), pp. 531–537 (1987).
Other Articles
M. A. Baker, L. Holland, and D. A. G. Stanton, “The design of rotary pumps and systems to provide clean vacua”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 9 (1), pp. 412–415 (1972).
Dry Vacuum Pump
E. J. Eckle, P. Bickert, R. Lachenman, and B. Wortmann, “Pumping speed of diaphragm pumps for various gases”, Vacuum 47 (6–8), pp. 799–801 (1996).
J. Y. Tu, Y. Zhu, and Z. Wang, “A new design for the disk-type molecular pump”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 8 (5), pp. 3870–3889 (1990).
I. V. Ioffe, V. A. Koss, M. Gray, and R. G. Livesey, “Modeling of a multistage claw rotor vacuum pump”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13 (2), pp. 536–539 (1995).
J. C. Helmer, G. Levi, “Transition gas flow in drag pumps and capillary leaks”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13 (5), pp. 2592–2599 (1995).
H. V. Pitingsrud, “Miniature peristaltic vacuum pump for use in portable instruments”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 14 (4), pp.2610–2617 (1996).
K. Ando, I. Akutsu, and T. Ohmi, “Gradational lead screw vacuum pump development”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 17 (5), pp. 3144–3148 (1999).
T. Sawada and W. Sugiyama, “Pumping mechanism of helical grooved molecular drag pumps”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 17 (4), pp. 2069–2074 (1999).
R. P. Davis, R. A. Abreu, and A. D. Chew, “Dry vacuum pumps: A method for the evaluation of the degree of dry”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 18 (4), pp. 1782–1788 (2000).
I. Akutsu, T. Matsuoka, M. Ozaki, T. Kyuko, S. Miyashita, T. Ozawa, M. Naka, H. Ohnishi, Y. Narahara, and G. Horikoshi, “A gradational lead screw dry vacuum pump”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 18 (3), pp. 1045–1047 (2000).
J.-S. Heo and Y.-K. Hwang, “Molecular transition and slip flows in the pumping channels of drag pumps”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 18 (3), pp. 1025–1034 (2000).
F. Sharipov, P. Fahrenbach, and A. Zipp, “ Numerical modeling of the Holweck pump”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 23 (5), pp. 1331–1339 (2005).
Diffusion Pump
M. H. Hablanian, “Backstreaming measurements above liquid-nitrogen traps”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 6 (1), pp. 265–268 (1969).
H. M. Sullivan, “Vacuum pumping equipment and systems”, Rev Sci. Instrum. 19 (1), pp. 1–15 (1948).
T. E. Lucas, “Properties of high vacuum pumps”, Vacuum 15 (5), pp. 221–229 (1965).
N. A. Florescu, “Increase in performance of the vapour vacuum pump”, Vacuum 12, pp. 259–265 (1962).
D. M. Hoffman, “Operation and maintenance of a diffusion-pumped vacuum system”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16 (1), pp. 71–74 (1979).
D. J. Santeler, “The use of diffusion pumps for obtaining ultraclean vacuum environments”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 8 (1), pp. 299–307 (1971).
B. D. Power, N. T. M. Dennis, P. D. Oswald, and B. H. Colwell, “Single structure vapour pumping groups”, Vacuum 24 (3), pp. 117–122 (1974).
E. H. Hirsch and J. Richards, “Pressure fluctuations in a diffusion pump using polyphenyl ether”,Vacuum 24 (3), pp. 123–124 (1974).
LK. Watanabe, “Technical developments and examples of modern oil diffusion pumps”, Shinku (J. Vac. Soc. Japan) 20 (6), pp. 202–212 (1977) (in Japanese).
M. H. Hablanian, “Consider diffusion pumps”, Industrial Research/Development August, pp.84–89 (1979).
N. T. M. Dennis, L. Laurenson, A. Devaney, and B. H. Colwell, “Factors influencing the ultimate vacuum of single structure vapor pumping groups”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 20 (4), pp. 996–999 (1982).
T. J. Gay, J. A. Brand, M. C. Fritts, J. E. Furst, M. A. Khakoo, E. R. Mell, M. T. Sieger, and W. M. K. P. Wijayaratna, “Clean ultrahigh vacuum system with single-structure diffusion pumps”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 12 (5), pp. 2903–2910 (1994).
L. T. Chu, “Safety interlock and remote computer monitoring for a diffusion-pumped vacuum system”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 15 (1), pp. 201–205 (1997).
S. Chambreau, M. L. Neuburger, T. Ho, B. Funk, and D. Pullman, “Low cost, mechanically refrigerated diffusion pump baffle for ultrahigh vacuum chambers”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 18 (5), pp. 2581–2585 (2000).
L. Maurice, P. Duval, and G. Gorinas, “Oil backstreaming in turbomolecular and oil diffusion pumps”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16 (2), pp. 741–745 (1979).
N. S. Harris, “Modern diffusion pump vs turbomolecular pump systems”, Vacuum 30 (4/5), pp. 175–181 (1980).
Turbomolecular Pump
M. H. Hablanian, “New concepts in turbomolecular pump design”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 11 (4), pp. 1614–1619 (1993).
C. H. Kruger and A. H. Shapiro, “Vacuum pumping with a bladed axial-flow turbomachine”, 1960 7th National Symposium on Vacuum Technology Transactions (Pergamon Press, New York, 1961), pp. 6–12.
W. Becker, “Die Turbomolekularpumpe”, Vakuum-Technik, 15 (9), pp. 211–218 (1966).
W. Becker, “Die Turbomolekularpumpe II”, Vakuum-Technik, 15 (10), pp. 254–260 (1966).
W. Nesseldreher, “The effects of different parameters on the residual gas mass spectrograms of turbo-molecular pumps”, Vacuum 26 (7), pp. 281–286 (1976).
G. E. Osterstrom and T. Knecht, “Grease lublication of turbomolecular vacuum pump bearings”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16 (2), pp. 746–747 (1979).
R. W. Dennison and G. R. Gray, “Cryogenic versus turbomolecular pumping in a sputtering application”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16 (2), pp. 728–730 (1979).
J. A. Basford, “Testing of turbomolecular pumps”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 10 (4), pp. 2623–2628 (1992).
D. Ba, N. Yang, X. Wang, S. Pang, Y. Zhu, and X. Wang, “Pumping performance of a new type of hybrid molecular pump”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 10 (5), pp. 3352–3355 (1992).
M. Iguchi, M. Okamoto, and T. Sawada, “Analysis of TMP’s ultimate pressure and development of XHV-TMP and XHV-CMP”, Shinku (J. Vac. Soc. Japan) 37 (9), pp.742–750 (1994) (in English).
N. Ogure, A. Shibata, K. Ono, N. Hayasaka, H. Okano, and K. Okumura, “Enhancement of hydrogen pumping by injecting fluorine into the exhaust system of turbomolecular pumps”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13 (3), pp. 524–530 (1995).
S. Katsimichas, A. J. H. Goddard, R. Lewington, and C. R. E. de Oliveira, “General geometry calculations of one-stage molecular flow transmission probabilities for turbomolecular pumps”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13 (6), pp. 2954–2961 (1995).
J. R. Thompson, P. M. Weber, and R. Hellmer, “Extended operation of a wide-range, all-magnetic bearing turbomolecular pump without baking”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 14 (5), pp. 2965–2967 (1996).
N. Konishi, T. Shibata, and T. Ohmi, “Impurity back diffusion through an ultrahigh vacuum turbomolecular pump under large gas throughput”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 14 (5), pp. 2958–2962 (1996).
M. Spagnol, R. Cerruti, and J. Helmer, “Turbomolecular pump design for high pressure operation”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 16 (3), pp. 1151–1156 (1998).
K. Ino, K. Sekine, T. Shibata, T. Ohmi, and Y. Maejima, “Improvement of turbomolecular pumps for ultraclean, low-pressure, and high-gas-flow processing”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 16 (4), pp. 2703–2710 (1998).
H.-P. Cheng, R.-Y. Jou, F.-Z. Chen, and Y.-W. Chang, “Three-dimensional flow analysis of spiral-grooved turbo booster pump in slip and continuum flow”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 18 (2), pp. 543–551 (2000).
M. Harsdorff and R. W. Adam, “On the application of turbomolecular pumps in electron microscopes”, Vacuum 22 (2), pp. 55–59 (1972).
H. Enosawa, C. Urano, T. Kawashima, and M. Yamamoto, “High throughput turbomolecular pump for extreme high vacuum”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 8 (3), pp. 2768–2771 (1990).
M. Heldner and H.-P. Kabelitz, “Reliability of turbomolecular vacuum pumps: A comparison of rolling element and magnetic bearing systems”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 8 (3), pp. 2772–2777 (1990).
Cryopump
R. Dobrozemsky and G. Moraw, “Pumping speed of cryosorption pumps in the pressure range 10-6–10-3 Torr”, Vacuum 21 (12), pp. 587–589 (1971).
P. Vijendran and C. V. G. Nair, “Design and performance characteristics of sorption pumps”, Vacuum 21 (5), pp. 159–164 (1971).
O. E. Vilches and J. C. Wheatley, “Techniques for using liquid helium in very low temetature apparatus”, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 37 (7), pp. 819–831 (1966).
J. P. Hobson, ”Cryopumping”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 10 (1), pp. 73–79 (1973).
C. Benvenuti, “Characteristics, advantages, and possible applications of condensation cryopumping”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 11 (3), pp. 591–598 (1974).
H. J. Halama and J. R. Aggus, “Measurements of adsorption isotherms and pumping speed of helium on molecular sieve in the 10-11–10-7 Torr range at 4.2 K”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 11 (1), pp. 333–336 (1974).
G. Mongodin, V. R. Piacentini, and W. Sajnacki, “Evaluation of a liquid-helimu cryopumping system operating with an electron beam gun”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 11 (1), pp. 340–343 (1974).
G. Klipping, “Relations between cryogenics and vacuum technology up to now and in the future”,Proc. 6th Internl. Vacuum Congr. 1974, Japan J. Appl. Phys. Suppl. 2, Pt. 1, 1974, pp. 81–88.
P. Kleber, “Pressure, what does it mean in vacuum chambers with cryosurfaces?”, Vacuum 25 (5), pp. 191–196 (1975).
J. Visser and J. J. Scheer, “Twenty-kelvin cryopumping in magnetron sputtering systems”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16 (2), pp. 734–737 (1979).
C. F. Dillow and J. Palacios, “Cryogenic pumping of helium, hydrogen, and a 90% hydrogen-10% helium mixture”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16 (2), pp. 731–733 (1979).
I. Arakawa, M. Kobayashi, and Y. Tuzi, “Effects of thermal spikes on the characteristics of cryosorption pumps with condensed carbon dioxide layers”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16 (2), pp. 738–740 (1979).
C. Benvenuti and M. Firth, “Improved version of the CERN condensation cryopump”, Vacuum 29 (11/12), pp. 427–432 (1979).
R. A. Haefer, “On the pumping speed of large area cryopumps”, Vacuum 30 (1), pp. 19–22 (1980).
J. L. Hemmerrich and E. B. Deksnis, “Pumping efficiencies of three-dimensional cryopumping structures”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 19 (1), pp. 96–99 (1981).
B. A. Hands, “Recent development in cryopumping”, Vacuum 32 (10/11), pp. 603–612 (1982).
R. A. A. Kubiak, W. Y. Leong, R. M. King, and E. H. C. Parker, “On baking a cryopumped UHV system”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 1 (4), pp. 1872–1873 (1983).
M. Kasuya and J. Yuyama, “An ultrahigh vacuum application of a refrigerator-cooled cryopump”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 8 (4), pp. 3333–3336 (1990).
N. Gotoh, T. Momose, H. Ishimaru, and M. P. Larin, “Liquid helium cryopumps with low-emissivity Al film coatings and low helium consumption”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13 (5), pp. 2579–2581 (1995).
M. M. Menon, G. J. Laughon, R. Maingi, M. R. Wade, D. L. Hillis, and M. A. Mahdavi, “Pumping characteristics of a cryopump with Ar sorbent in He and in a D2/He mixture”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13 (3), pp. 551–555 (1995).
M. Xu and Y. Matsui, “Obtaining extremely high vacuum using sintered fine copper powder as a cryosorbent”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13 (1), pp. 132–135 (1995).
R. Giannantonio, M. Succi, and C. Solcia, “Combination of a cryopump and a non-evaporable getter pump in applications”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 15 (1), pp. 186–191 (1997).
S. Nesterov, J. Vasiliev, L. C. Wagner, and M. Boiarski, “Hydrogen pumping simulation for cryopumps”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 17 (4), pp. 2099–2103 (1999).
E. Wallén, “Adsorption isotherms of He and H2 at liquid He temperatures”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 15 (2), pp. 265–274 (1997).
J. E. de Rijke, “Factors affecting cryopump base pressure”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 8 (3), pp. 2778–2781 (1990).
G. S. Venuti, “Use of vibration-isolated cryopumps to improve electron microscopes and electron beam lithography units”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 1 (2), pp. 237–240 (1983).
Sputter Ion Pump
S. L. Rutherford, S. L. Mercer, and R. L. Jepsen, “On pumping mechanisms in getter-ion pumps employing cold-cathode gas discharges”, 1960 7th National Symposium on Vacuum Technology Transactions (Pergamon Press, New York, 1961), pp. 380–382.
R. L. Jepsen, “Magnetically confined cold-cathode gas discharges at low pressures”, J. Appl. Phys. 32 (12), pp. 2619–2626 (1961).
K. Ohara, I. Ando, and N. Yoshimura, “Pumping characteristics of sputter ion pumps with high magnetic fields in an ultrahigh vacuum range”, Shinku (J. Vac. Soc. Japan) 35 (6), pp. 567–573 (1992) (in Japanese).
H. Hirano and N. Yoshimura, “A three-point-pressure method for measuring the gas-flow rate through a conducting pipe”, Shinku (J. Vac. Soc. Japan) 30 (6), pp. 531–537 (1987) (in Japanese).
W. M. Brubaker, “A method for greatly enhancing the pumping action of a Penning discharge”, 1959 6th National Symposium on Vacuum Technology Transactions (Pergamon Press, New York, 1960), pp. 302–306.
E. H. Hirsch, “On the mechanism of the Penning discharge”, Brit. J. Appl. Phys., 15, pp. 1535–1543 (1964).
W. Bächler, “Optimale Ausnutzung des Magnetfeldes bei Ionen-Zerstäuberpumpen”, Transactions 3rd Internl. Vacuum Congr. Vol. 2, Part II (1965), pp. 609–612.
A. Dallos and F. Steinrisser, “Pumping speeds of getter-ion pumps at low pressures”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 4 (1), pp. 6–9 (1967).
H. Roth und B. Wenzel, “Zur Dimensionierung von Ionenzerstäuderpumpen rotationssymmetrischer Bauart”, Vakuum-Technik 16 (1/2), pp. 1–8 (1967).
W. Schuurman, “Investigation of a low pressure Penning discharge”, Physica 36, pp. 136–160 (1967).
A. Dallos, “ The pressure dependence of the pumping speed of sputter ion pump”, Vacuum 19, pp. 79–80 (1969).
T. Tom and B. D. James, “Inert gas ion pumping using differential sputter yield cathodes”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 6 (2), pp. 304–307 (1969).
V. V. Ryabov and G. L. Saksagansky, “Influence of asymmetry of magnetic and electric fields on the parameters of sputter-ion pumps”, Vacuum 22(5), pp. 191–193 (1972).
H. Hartwig and J. S. Kouptsidis, “A new approach for computing diode sputter-ion pump characteristics”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 11 (6), pp. 1154–1159 (1974).
W. Ho, R. K. Wang, and T. P. Keng, “Calculation of sputtering ion pump speed”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 20 (4), pp. 1010–1013 (1982).
M. Pierini and L. Dolcino, “A new sputter ion-pump element”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 1 (2), pp. 140–142 (1983).
M. Pierini, “Use of discharge intensity for evaluation of pumping characteristics of a sputter ion punp”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 2 (2), pp. 195–197 (1984).
M. Audi, “Pumping speed of sputter ion pumps”, Vacuum 38(8–10), pp. 669–671 (1988).
Y. Yamazaki, M. Miyoshi, T. Nagai, and K. Okumura, “Development of the field emission electron gun integrated in the sputter ion pump”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 9 (6), pp. 2967–2971 (1991).
T. S. Chou, J. Bittner, and J. Schuchman, “Pumping behavior of sputteringion pump”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 10 (4), pp. 2639–2641 (1992).
H. Kinpara, K. Hirasawa, T. Kotani, M. Nishiyama, K. Hujino, K. Nakajima, N. Takagi, H. Yamakawa, and G. H. Shen, “Generation of extremely high vacuum with a new sputter ion pump”, Shinku (J. Vac. Soc. Japan) 37 (9), pp. 732–735 (1994) (in English).
T. Koizumi, Y. Hayashi, and H. Horiuchi, “Operating characteristics of XHV sputter ion pump”, Shinku (J. Vac. Soc. Japan) 37 (9) pp. 736–741 (1994) (in English).
Y. Suetsugu, “Proposal of a sputter-ion pump structure”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 12 (1), pp. 248–250 (1994).
Y. Suetsugu, “Test results for a sputter-ion pump with a new cell structure”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 12 (6), pp. 3224–3227 (1994).
S. Komiya, N. Takahashi, and M.-S. Xu, “A sputter ion pump to maintain fresh and active cathode surface”, Shinku (J. Vac. Soc. Japan) 38 (3), pp. 125–127 (1995) (in Japanese).
N. Takahashi, M.-S. Xu, and S. Komiya, “Pumping speed of cylindrical magnetron sputterion pump for Ar, CH4, He, H2”, Shinku (J. Vac. Soc. Japan) 38 (3), pp. 259–261 (1995) (in Japanese).
M.-S. Xu, N. Takahashi, and S. Komiya, “Production of extreme high vacuum by using a cylindrical magnetron sputter ion pump”, Shinku (J. Vac. Soc. Japan) 38 (3), pp. 271–273 (1995) (in Japanese).
T. Asamaki, T. Taniguchi, T. Fukaya, A. Kudoh, and K. Yamamoto, “Large-Scale coaxial magnetron discharge containing magnets at extremely high vacuum and its application to sputter ion pump”, Shinku (J. Vac. Soc. Japan) 38 (1), pp. 17–21 (1995) (in English).
H. C. Hseuh, W. S. Jiang, and M. Mapes, “Pumping behavior of ion pump elements at high and misaligned magnetic fields”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13 (3), pp. 531–535 (1995).
H. C. Hseuh, L. Snydstrup, M. Mapes, and C. Pai, “Beam vacuum system of Brookhaven’s muon storage ring”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 14 (3), pp. 1237–1241 (1996).
Y. Suetsugu and M. Nakagawa, “Design study of new distributed ion pumps for the TRISTAN accumulation ring”, Vacuum 42(10/11), pp. 625–634 (1991).
Ti Sublimation Pump
J. W. Reichardt, “The kinetics of the hydrogen-Titanium reaction”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 9 (1), pp. 548–551 (1972).
T. Arai, K. Takeuchi, and Y. Tuzi, “Temperature dependence of the pumping characteristics of titanium getter pump in ultrahigh vacuum”, Shinku (J. Vac. Soc. Japan) 38 (3), pp. 262–265 (1995) (in Japanese).
Non-evaporable Pump
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Measurement of Pumping Speeds
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Yoshimura, N. (2008). Vacuum Pumps. In: Vacuum Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74433-7_2
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