Abstract
The existence of solar corpuscular radiation (SCR) was conjectured by Biermann (1951) based on the fact that the ion tails of comets always point radially away from the Sun. Earlier it had been thought that this was due to solar radiation pressure, but when the relevant cross-sections were measured it became clear that these were far too small. This is visible in Figure 3.1, where stars can be seen shining through the ion tail of comet Hale-Bopp, one of the more spectacular sights in the sky of the 20th century. Parker (1958) provided the first theoretical description of the SCR in terms of a supersonic magnetized fluid. He coined the term “solar wind” in order to set it apart from other ideas of a (subsonic) solar breeze that were around at the time. The solar wind was ultimately observed in the early 1960s by the Soviets and independently with the American Mariner 2 mission to Venus (Gringauz et al., 1961; Neugebauer and Snyder, 1962). An excellent account of these early developments is given by Parker (2001).
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von Steiger, R. (2008). The solar wind throughout the solar cycle. In: The Heliosphere through the Solar Activity Cycle. Springer Praxis Books. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74302-6_3
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