Abstract
The paper presents a computational model of context sensitive judgment, called JUDGEMAP, which has been developed for modeling judgment on a subjective scale. This paper presents an attempt to apply the same model to the case of judgment on an objective scale. This is a big challenge since the behavioral data are showing the opposite type of effects. Thus we have repeatedly obtained contrast effects of irrelevant information, when judging on a subjective scale. In the experiment described here we obtained an assimilation effect in exactly the same conditions except that the scale was objective. Without any changes of the model we run the corresponding simulations and there are a good and bad news. The bad news is that we did not obtain the assimilation effect, but the good news is that the contrast effect disappeared. The paper discusses possible reasons for these results and possible ways to improve the model.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Arieh, Marks, L.: Context effects in visual length perception. Role of ocular, retinal, and spatial location. Perception & Psychophysics 64(3), 478–492 (2002)
Cohen, MacWhinney, Flatt, Provost: PsyScope: An Interactive Graphic System for designing and controlling experiments in Psychology Laboratory Using Macintosh Computers. Behavior Research, Methods, Instruments and Computers 25, 257–271 (1993)
Foti, Hauenstein: Processing Demands and the Effects of Prior Impression on Subsequent Judgments: Clarifying the Assimilation/Contrast Debate. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 56, 167–189 (1993)
Goldstone, R.: Perceptual Learning. Annual Review of Psychology 49, 585–612 (1998)
Goldstone, R.: Effects of Categorization on Color Perception. Psychological Science 6(5), 298–304 (1995)
Hristova, P., Kokinov, B.: Perceptual Learning vs. Context-Sensitive Retrieval: Why do people judge green lines to be shorter/longer than red lines of the same length? Do they perceive them differently or do they retrieve a biased set of alternatives in their comparison set? In: Proceedings of the Second European Cognitive Science Conference (in press)
Hristova, P., Kokinov, B.: A Common Mechanism Is Possibly Underlying the Shift in Perceptual and Conceptual Judgment Produced by Irrelevant Information. In: Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ (2006)
Hristova, P., Petkov, G., Kokinov, B.: Influence of Irrelevant Information on Price Judgment. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Cognitive Economics, NBU Press (2005)
Kokinov, B.: Associative Memory-Based Reasoning: How to Represent and Retrieve Cases. In: O’Shea, T., Sgurev, V. (eds.) Artificial Intelligence III: Methodology, Systems, Applications, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1988)
Kokinov, B.: A Hybrid Model of Reasoning by Analogy. In: Holyoak, K., Barnden, J. (eds.) Advances in Connectionist and Mental Computation Theory. Analogical Connections, Ablex, Norwood (1994a)
Kokinov, B.: The DUAL Cognitive Architecture. A Hybrid Multi-Agent Approach. In: Cohn, A. (ed.) Proceedings of the Eleventh European Conference of Artificial Intelligence, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. London (1994b)
Kokinov, B.: The Context-Sensitive Architecture DUAL. In: Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. LEA, Hillsdale (1994c)
Kokinov, B., Petrov, A.: Integration of Memory and Reasoning in Analogy-Making: The AMBR Model. In: Gentner, D., Holyoak, K., Kokinov, B. (eds.) The Analogical Mind: Perspectives from Cognitive Science, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (2001)
Kokinov, B., Hristova, P., Petkov, G.: Does Irrelevant Information Play a Role in Judgment? In: Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 720–725. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, Mahwah (2004)
Lockhead, King: A Memory Model of Sequential Effects in Scaling Tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 3, 461–473 (1983)
Manis, Nelson, Shedler: Stereotypes and Social Judgment: Extremity, Assimilation and Contrast. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 55, 28–36 (1988)
Marks, L.: The slippery context effect in psychophysics: Intensive, extensive, and qualitative continua. Perception and Psychophysics 51, 187–198 (1992)
Marks, L.: Recalibrating the auditory system: The perception of loudness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 20, 382–396 (1994)
Marks, L., Armstrong: Visual and haptic representations of space. In: Inui, McClelland (eds.) Attention and Performance XVI: Information Integration in perception and communication, MIT Press, Cambridge (1996)
Marks, L., Warner: Slippery context effect and critical bands. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 17, 986–996 (1991)
Parducci, A.: Category Judgment: A Range-Frequency model. Psychological Review 72(6), 407–418 (1965)
Parducci, A.: Contextual Effects: A Range-Frequency Analysis. In: Handbook of Perception, vol. 2, Academic Press, NY (1974)
Petkov, G.: Modeling Analogy-Making, Judgment, and Choice with Same Basic Mechanisms. In: Fum, D., Missier, F., Stocco, A., Goliardiche, E. (eds.) Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Cognitive Modeling, pp. 220–225 (2006)
Petkov, G.: Judgment as Mapping (JUDGEMAP2). In: Proceedings of the Doctoral Consortium at the Fifth International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using Context. Technical Report LIP 2005/007 of the Laboratoire d’Informatique de Paris 6, pp. 95–104 (2005), URL http://www.lip6.fr
Petkov, G., Kiryazov, K., Grinberg, M., Kokinov, B.: Modeling Top-Down Perception and Analogical Transfer with Single Anticipatory Mechanism. In: Proceedings of the Second European Cognitive Science Conference (in press)
Rankin, Marks, L.: Differential context effects in chemosensation: Role of perceptual similarity and neural communality. Chemical Senses 25, 747–759 (2000)
Ward: Critical Bands and Mixed-Frequency Scaling: Sequential Dependencies, Equal Loudness Contours, and Power Function Exponents. Perception and Psychophysics 47, 551–562 (1990)
Weddel: Methods for Determining the Locus of Context Effects in Judgment. In: Caverni, Fabre, Gonzales (eds.) Cognitive Biases, New York, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam (1990)
Wedell, Parducci, Geiselman: A Formal Analysis of Ratings of Physical Attractiveness: Successive Contrast and Simultaneous Assimilation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 23, 230–249 (1987)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hristova, P., Petkov, G., Kokinov, B. (2007). Objective vs. Subjective Scales: The Challenge That the Scale Type Poses to the JUDGEMAP Model of Context Sensitive Judgment. In: Kokinov, B., Richardson, D.C., Roth-Berghofer, T.R., Vieu, L. (eds) Modeling and Using Context. CONTEXT 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 4635. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74255-5_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74255-5_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-74254-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-74255-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)