Signaling pathways regulated by heterotrimeric G proteins are well known to be essential in eukaryotic organisms. In the last decade, it has been shown that plants also have genes for the canonical subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. The genomes of rice and Arabidopsis thaliana have only a single copy gene for each of the α, β and γ1 subunits. This situation is in contrast to mammalian genomes that contain multiple genes for each of the 23 α, 6 β and 12 γ subunits. This is a striking characteristic of higher plant heterotrimeric G proteins. In this chapter, we will summarize the subunits of rice heterotrimeric G proteins and discuss the possible functions of the G proteins in rice and Arabidopsis.
Keywords
- Gibberellic Acid
- Phosphatidic Acid
- Forster Resonance Energy Transfer
- Gibberellic Acid Signaling
- RGA1 Gene
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aharon GS, Gelli A, Snedden WA, Blumwald E (1998) Activation of a plant plasma membrane Ca2+ channel by Tα1, a heterotrimeric G protein α-subunit homologue. FEBS Lett 424:17–21
Apone F, Alyeshmerni N, Wiens K, Chalmers D, Chrispeels MJ, Colucci G (2003) The G-protein-coupled receptor GCR1 regulates DNA synthesis through activation of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. Plant Physiol 133:571–579
Ashikari M, Wu J, Yano M, Sasaki T, Yoshimura A (1999) Rice gibberellin-insensitive dwarf mutant gene Dwarf 1 encodes the α-subunit of GTP-binding protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:10284–10289
Bethke PC, Hwang YS, Zhu T, Jones RL (2006) Global patterns of gene expression in the aleurone of wild-type and dwarf1 mutant rice. Plant Physiol 140:484–498
Chen JG, Jones AM (2004) AtRGS1 function in Arabidopsis thaliana. Methods Enzymol 389:338–350
Chen JG, Willard FS, Huang J, et al. (2003) A seven-transmembrane RGS protein that modulates plant cell proliferation. Science 301:1728–1731
Chen JG, Pandey S, Huang J, et al. (2004a) GCR1 can act independently of heterotrimeric G-protein in response to brassinosteroids and gibberellins in Arabidopsis seed germination. Plant Physiol 135:907–915
Chen YL, Huang R, Xiao YM, Lu P, Chen J, Wang XC (2004b) Extracellular calmodulin-induced stomatal closure is mediated by heterotrimeric G protein and H2O2. Plant Physiol 136:4096–4103
Coursol S, Fan LM, Le Stunff H, Spiegel S, Gilroy S, Assmann SM (2003) Sphingolipid signalling in Arabidopsis guard cells involves heterotrimeric G proteins. Nature 423:651–654
Fujisawa Y, Kato T, Ohki S, et al. (1999) Suppression of the heterotrimeric G protein causes abnormal morphology, including dwarfism, in rice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:7575–7580
Huang J, Taylor JP, Chen JG, et al. (2006) The plastid protein THYLAKOID FORMATION1 and the plasma membrane G-protein GPA1 interact in a novel sugar-signaling mechanism in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell 18:1226–1238
Ikeda A, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Sonoda Y, et al. (2001) slender rice, a constitutive gibberellin response mutant, is caused by a null mutation of the SLR1 gene, an ortholog of the height-regulating gene GAI/RGA/RHT/D8. The Plant Cell 13:999–1010
Ishikawa A, Tsubouchi H, Iwasaki Y, Asahi T (1995) Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA for the α subunit of a G protein from rice. Plant Cell Physiol 36:353–359
Ishikawa A, Iwasaki Y, Asahi T (1996) Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA for the β subunit of a G protein from rice. Plant Cell Physiol 37:223–228
Iwata M, Umemura K, Teraoka T, Usami H, Fujisawa Y, Iwasaki Y (2003) Role of the α subunit of heterotrimeric G-protein in probenazol-inducing defense signaling in rice. J Gen Plant Pathol 69:83–86
Jones AM, Assmann SM (2004) Plants: the latest model system for G-protein research. EMBO Rep 5:572–578
Joo JH, Wang S, Chen JG, Jones AM, Fedoroff NV (2005) Different signaling and cell death roles of heterotrimeric G protein α and β subunits in the Arabidopsis oxidative stress response to ozone. The Plant Cell 17:957–970
Kato C, Mizutani T, Tamaki H, et al. (2004) Characterization of heterotrimeric G protein complexes in rice plasma membrane. Plant J 38:320–331
Komatsu S, Yang G, Hayashi N, Kaku H, Umemura K, Iwasaki Y (2004) Alterations by a defect in a rice G protein α subunit in probenazole and pathogen-induced responses. Plant Cell Environ 27:947–957
Lambright DG, Noel JP, Hamm HE, Sigler PB (1994) Structural determinants for activation of the α-subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein. Nature 369:621–628
Lapik YR, Kaufman LS (2003) The Arabidopsis cupin domain protein AtPirin1 interacts with the G protein α-subunit GPA1 and regulates seed germination and early seedling development. The Plant Cell 15:1578–1590
Lease KA, Wen J, Li J, Doke JT, Liscum E, Walker JC (2001) A mutant Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein β subunit affects leaf, flower, and fruit development. The Plant Cell 13:2631–2641
Lieberherr D, Thao NP, Nakashima A, Umemura K, Kawasaki T, Shimamoto K (2005) A sphingolipid elicitor-inducible mitogen-activated protein kinase is regulated by the small GTPase OsRac1 and heterotrimeric G-protein in rice 1[W]. Plant Physiol 138:1644–1652
Liu X, Yue Y, Li B, et al. (2007) A G protein-coupled receptor is a plasma membrane receptor for the plant hormone abscisic acid. Science 315:1712–1716
Ma H, Yanofsky MF, Meyerowitz EM (1990) Molecular cloning and characterization of GPA1, a G protein α subunit gene from Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:3821–3825
Mason MG, Botella JR (2000) Completing the heterotrimer: isolation and characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana G protein -subunit cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:14784–14788
Mishra G, Zhang W, Deng F, Zhao J, Wang X (2006) A bifurcating pathway directs abscisic acid effects on stomatal closure and opening in Arabidopsis. Science 312:264–266
Munnik T, Arisz SA, De Vrije T, Musgrave A (1995) G Protein activation stimulates phospholipase D signaling in plants. The Plant Cell 7:2197–2210
Neer EJ, Schmidt CJ, Nambudripad R, Smith TF (1994) The ancient regulatory-protein family of WD-repeat proteins. Nature 371:297–300
Oki K, Fujisawa Y, Kato H, Iwasaki Y (2005) Study of the constitutively active form of the α subunit of rice heterotrimeric G proteins. Plant Cell Physiol 46:381–386
Pandey S, Assmann SM (2004) The Arabidopsis putative G protein-coupled receptor GCR1 interacts with the G protein α subunit GPA1 and regulates abscisic acid signaling. The Plant Cell 16:1616–1632
Simon MI, Strathmann MP, Gautam N (1991). Diversity of G proteins in signal transduction. Science 252:802–808
Suharsono U, Fujisawa Y, Kawasaki T, Iwasaki Y, Satoh H, Shimamoto K (2002) The heterotrimeric G protein α subunit acts upstream of the small GTPase Rac in disease resistance of rice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:13307–13312
Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Fujisawa Y, Kobayashi M, et al. (2000) Rice dwarf mutant d1, which is defective in the α subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein, affects gibberellin signal transduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:11638–11643
Ullah H, Chen JG, Young JC, Im KH, Sussman MR, Jones AM (2001) Modulation of cell proliferation by heterotrimeric G protein in Arabidopsis. Science 292:2066–2069
Ullah H, Chen JG, Wang S, Jones AM (2002) Role of a heterotrimeric G protein in regulation of Arabidopsis seed germination. Plant Physiol 129:897–907
Viehweger K, Schwartze W, Schumann B, Lein W, Roos W (2006) The Gα protein controls a pH-dependent signal path to the induction of phytoalexin biosynthesis in Eschscholzia californica. The Plant Cell 18:1510–1523
Wang XQ, Ullah H, Jones AM, Assmann SM (2001) G protein regulation of ion channels and abscisic acid signaling in Arabidopsis guard cells. Science 292:2070–2072
Warpeha KM, Hamm HE, Rasenick MM, Kaufman LS (1991) A blue-light-activated GTP-binding protein in the plasma membranes of etiolated peas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:8925–8929
Warpeha KM, Lateef SS, Lapik Y, Anderson M, Lee BS, Kaufman LS (2006) G-protein-coupled receptor 1, G-protein Gα-subunit 1, and prephenate dehydratase 1 are required for blue light-induced production of phenylalanine in etiolated Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 140:844–855
Warpeha KM, Upadhyay S, Yeh J, et al. (2007) The GCR1, GPA1, PRN1, NF-Y signal chain mediates both blue light and abscisic acid responses in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 143:1590–1600
Weiss CA, Garnaat CW, Mukai K, Hu Y, Ma H (1994) Isolation of cDNAs encoding guanine nucleotide-binding protein β-subunit homologues from maize (ZGB1) and Arabidopsis (AGB1). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:9554–9558
Willard FS, Siderovski DP (2004) Purification and in vitro functional analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana regulator of G-protein signaling-1. Methods Enzymol 389:320–338
Zhao J, Wang X (2004) Arabidopsis phospholipase Dα1 interacts with the heterotrimeric G-protein α-subunit through a motif analogous to the DRY motif in G-protein-coupled receptors. J Biol Chem 279:1794–1800
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Iwasaki, Y., Kato, H., Fujisawa, Y., Oki, K. (2008). Rice Heterotrimeric G Protein Signaling. In: Hirano, HY., Sano, Y., Hirai, A., Sasaki, T. (eds) Rice Biology in the Genomics Era. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol 62. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74250-0_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74250-0_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-74248-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-74250-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)