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Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria

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Plant Surface Microbiology

The supply of photosynthates and decaying plant material to the root-associated microbiota is a key issue for rhizosphere formation and functioning. The release of organic material is known to occur mainly as root exudates, acting as either signals or growth substrates (Werner 1998). However, once the microbial population is established, rhizosphere developments are affected by microbially induced changes on rooting patterns and by the supply of available nutrients to plants, which in turn modify the quality and quantity of root exudates (Bowen and Rovira 1999; Barea 2000; Gryndler 2000). Microbial interactions in the rhizosphere are known to markedly influence plant fitness and soil quality (Lynch 1990; Bethlenfalvay and Schüepp 1994). In particular, microorganisms associated with plant roots help the host plant adapt to stress conditions concerning water and mineral nutrition, and soil-borne plant pathogens (Jeffries and Barea 2001).

From the point of view of plant surface microbiology, the compartmentalization of the rhizosphere (broad sense) is important. Kennedy (1998) suggested that there are three separate, but interacting components, namely the rhizosphere (soil), the rhizoplane, and the root itself. The rhizosphere is the zone of soil influenced by roots through the release of substrates that affect microbial activity. The rhizoplane is actually the root surface, but also includes the strongly adhering soil particles.The root itself is a part of the system because certain microorganisms, the endophytes, are able to colonize root tissues. Microbial colonization of the rhizoplane and/or the root tissues is known as root colonization, while the colonization of the adjacent volume of soil under the influence of the root is known as rhizosphere colonization (Kloepper et al. 1991).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín CSIC, Prof.Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain

    José-Miguel Barea, Rosario Azcón & Concepción Azcón-Aguilar

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  1. José-Miguel Barea
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  2. Rosario Azcón
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  3. Concepción Azcón-Aguilar
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  1. Amity University, 201303, Noida, UP, India

    Ajit Varma

  2. The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Nedlands, Australia

    Lynette Abbott

  3. Philipps Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany

    Dietrich Werner

  4. University of Tübingen, 72116, Tübingen, Germany

    Rüdiger Hampp

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Barea, JM., Azcón, R., Azcón-Aguilar, C. (2008). Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria. In: Varma, A., Abbott, L., Werner, D., Hampp, R. (eds) Plant Surface Microbiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74051-3_20

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