The signal from galactose is transmitted to Gal80p-Gal4p transcriptional switch through Gal3p/Gal1p signaling system. Based on the genetic experiments discussed previously, it appeared unlikely that signaling is due to a derivative of galactose catalyzed by Gal3p. Attempts to dissociate Gal4p-Gal80p complex in presence of galactose derivatives were unsuccessful, but it was clear that at least galactokinase activity is not required for signaling. Therefore, an idea that necessitates the presence of galactose for induction but does not warrant that the signal transducer to be an enzyme was considered.
Keywords
- Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
- Genetic Switch
- Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Signal
- Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Analysis
- Galactose Binding
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bhat PJ, Hopper JE (1992) Overproduction of the GAL1 or GAL3 protein causes galactose-independent activation of the GAL4 protein. Evidence for a novel model of induction for the yeast GAL/MEL regulon. Mol Cell Biol 12:2701–2707
Bhaumik SR, Raha T, Aiello DP, Green MR (2004) In vivo target of a transcriptional activator revealed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Genes Dev 18:333–343
Bork P, Sander C, Valencia A (1993) Convergent evolution of similar enzymatic function on different protein folds: the hexokinase, ribokinase and galactokinase family of sugar kinases. Protein Sci 2:31–40
Diep C, Gang P, Beweley M, Pilauri V, Ropson I, Hopper JE (2006) Intragenic suppression of Gal3c interaction with Gal80 in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL gene switch. Genetics 172:77–87
Kuo M, Allis CD (1999) In vivo cross linking and immunoprecipitation for studying dynamic protein: DNA associations in a chromatin environment. Methods 19:425–433
Lakshninarasimhan A, Bhat PJ (2005) Replacement of a conserved tyrosine by tryptophan in Gal3p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae reduces constitutive activity: implication for signal transduction in the GAL regulon. Mol Genet Genom 274:384–393
Melcher K (2005) Mutational hypersensitivity of a gene regulatory protein: Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gal80p. Genetics 171:469–476
Menezes RA, Amuel C, Engels R, Gengenbacher U, Labahan J, Hollenberg C (2003) Sites for interaction between Gal80p and Gal1p in Kluveromyces lactis: structural model of galactokinase based on homology to the GHMP protein family. J Mol Biol 333:479–492
Nogi Y, Fukasawa T (1989) Functional domains of a negative regulatory protein GAL80 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 9:3009–3017
Peng G, Hopper JE (2000) Evidence for Gal3p’s cytoplasmic location and Gal80p’s dual cytoplasmic nuclear location implicates new mechanisms for controlling Gal4p activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 20:5140–5148
Peng G, Hopper JE (2002) Gene activation by interaction of an inhibitor with a cytoplasmic signaling protein. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 99:8548–8553
Pilauri V, Beweley M, Diep Q, Hopper JE (2005) Gal80 dimerisation and the yeast GAL gene switch. Genetics 169:1903–1914
Platt A, Reece RJ (1998) The yeast galactose genetic switch is mediated by the formation of a Gal4p-Gal80p-Gal3p complex. EMBO J 17:4086–4091
Platt A, Ross HC, Hankin S, Reece R (2000) The insertion of two amino acids into a transcriptional inducer converts it into a galactokinase. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 97:3154–3159
Sil AK, Alam S, Xin P, Ma L, Morgan M, Lebo CM, Woods MP, Hopper JE (1999) The Gal3p-Gal80p-Gal4p transcription switch of yeast: Gal3p destabilizes the Gal80p-Gal4p complex in response to galactose and ATP. Mol Cell Biol 19:7828–7840
Suzuki-Fujimoto T, Fukuma M, Yano K, Sakurai H, Vonika A, Johnston SA, Fukasawa T (1996) Analysis of the galactose signal-transduction pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: interaction between Gal3p and Gal80p. Mol Cell Biol 16:2504–2508
Thoden JB, Sellick CA, Timson DJ, Reece RJ, Holden H (2005) Molecular structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gal1p, a functional galactokinase and transcriptional inducer. J Biol Chem 280:36905–36911
Timson DJ, Ross HC, Reece RJ (2002) Gal3p and Gal1p interact with the transcriptional repressor Gal80pto forma complex of 1:1 stoichiometry. Biochem J 363:515–520
Yang T, Sinai P, Green G, Kitts PA, Chen Y, Lybarget L, Chevranak R, Patterson GH, Piston DW, Kain SR (1998) Improved fluorescence and dual color detection with enhanced blue and green variants of the green fluorescent protein. J Biol Chem 273:8212–8216
Yano Ken-Icji, Fukasawa T (1997) Galactose-dependent reversible interaction of Gal3p with Gal80p in the induction pathway of Gal4-activated genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 94:1721–1726
Zenke FT, Vollenbroich RE, Meyer VJ, Hollenberg CP, Breunig KD (1996) Activation of Gal4p by galactose-dependent interaction of galactokinase and Gal80p. Science 272:1662–1665
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
(2008). Signal Transduction Revisited. In: Galactose Regulon of Yeast. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74015-5_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74015-5_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-74014-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-74015-5
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)