Skip to main content

Adaptation to Environment

  • Chapter

Of the many carbon sources, yeast prefers glucose. In the presence of glucose, enzymes of the galactose metabolic pathway are not expressed. Even a disaccharide containing glucose moiety such as sucrose, is not utilized until all the available free glucose is completely consumed. Yeast maintains a strict hierarchy in terms of sugar utilization and glucose is at the top. Does it offer any advantage to yeast despite the free energy content between say galactose and glucose is the same? Growth is a resultant of all the biological activities of a cell. Quantitative analysis of growth provides insights into the metabolic strategies adapted by different organisms or same organisms under different experimental or physiological conditions. In this section, I shall briefly discuss the basic aspects of cell growth with a focus on what a cell or a living organism considers important for its evolutionary success.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • De Robichion-Szulmajster H (1958) Induction of enzymes of galactose pathway in mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Science 127:28–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deken RH (1966) The Crabtree effect: a regulatory system in yeast. J Gen Microbiol 44:149–156

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frey PA (1996) The Leloir pathway: a mechanistic imperative for three enzymes to change the stereochemical configuration of a single carbon in galactose. FASEB J 462:461–470

    Google Scholar 

  • Holden HM, Ratment I, Thoden JB (2003) Structure and function of enzymes of the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism J Biol Chem 278:43885–43888

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holton JB, Walter JH, Tyfield LA (2000) In: Scriver CR, Beaudet Al, Sly SW, Valle D (eds) Metabolic and molecular basis of inherited diseases, 8th edn. McGraw Hill, New York, pp 1553–1587

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopper JE, Broach JR, Rowe LB (1978) Regulation of the galactose pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: induction of uridyl transferase mRNA and dependency on GAL4 gene function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:2878–2882

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hopper JE, Rowe LB (1978) Molecular expression and regulation of the galactose pathway genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 253:7566–7569

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston M (1987) A model fungal gene regulatory mechanism: The GAL genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol Reviews pp 458–476

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindegren CC, Lindegren G (1947) Mendelian inheritance of genes affecting vitamin synthesizing ability in Saccharomyces. Ann Missouri, Botan Garden 34:95–99

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moller K, Olsson L, Piskur J (2001) Ability for anerobic growth is not sufficient for development of the petite phenotype in Saccharomyces kluyveri. J Bacteriol 183:2484–2489

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monod J (2003) From enzymatic adaptation to allosteric transitions. In: Ullmann U (ed) Origins of molecular biology. ASM Press, Am Soc Microbiol, Washington, DC, pp 295–317

    Google Scholar 

  • Mortimer RK (1993) Ojvind Winge: founder of yeast genetics. In: Hall MN, Linder P (eds) The early days of yeast genetics. Cold Spring Laboratory Press, pp 3–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Mujumdar S, Ghatak J, Mukherji S, Bhattacharji H, Bhaduri A (2004) UDP galactose 4–Epimerase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A bifunctional enzyme with aldose 1-epimerase activity. Eur J Biochem 271:753–759

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muller-Hill B (1996) The lac operon: a short history of genetic paradigm. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Prosser JI (1995) Kinetics of filamentous growth and branching. In: Gow AR, Gadd GM (eds) The growing fungus. Chapman and Hall, London, pp 301–335

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheeler P, Bianchi DE (1987) Cell and molecular biology. Third edition. John Wiley and Sons (Asia) Pte. Ltd

    Google Scholar 

  • Segal S (1998) Galactosemia today: the enigma and the challenge. J Inher Metab Dis 21:455–471

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman JR and Adler J (1963) Galactokinase from E. coli. J. Biol. Chem. 238:873–878

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Speigelman S, Sussman RR, Pinska E (1950) On the cytoplasmic nature of “long-term adaptation in yeast”. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 36:591–605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spiegelman S, DeLorenzo WF, Campbell AM (1950) A single-cell analysis of the transmission of enzyme-forming capacity in yeast. J Bacteriol 37:513–523

    Google Scholar 

  • Timson DJ, Reece RJ (2003) Sugar recognition by human galactokinase. BMC Biochem 4:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Uden N (1971) Kinetics and energetics of yeast growth. In: Rose AH, Harrison JS (eds) The yeasts, vol. 2. Academic Press, New York, pp 75–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Voet D, Voet JG (1990) Biochemistry. John Wiley and Sons Inc

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson JF (1986) Introduction to microbiology. In: Both IR, Gooday GW, Gow NAR, Hamilton WA, Prosser JI (Eds) Basic microbiology series, vol. 1. Blackwell Science Publications, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson K, Walker J (2000) Practical Biochemistry Cambridge University press

    Google Scholar 

  • Winge O, Roberts C (1948) Inheritance of enzymatic characters in yeasts and the phenomenon of long-term adaptation. C.R. Trav. Lab. Carlberg. Ser Physiol 24:264–315

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang J (2003) Studies in the substrate specificity of Escherichia coli galactokinase. Organ Lett 5:2223–2226

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

(2008). Adaptation to Environment. In: Galactose Regulon of Yeast. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74015-5_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics