Abstract
Previous studies have shown that there is an intricate relationship between the topology of an idiotypic network and its resulting properties. However, empirical studies can only be performed by pre-selecting both a shape-space and affinity function. This introduces a number of simplifications into any model and makes it subsequently difficult to abstract the underlying contribution made by the topology from the particular instantiation of the model. In this paper, we introduce the concept of the potential network as a method in which abstract network topologies can be directly studied which allows us to bypass any definition of shape-space and affinity function. By using ideas from complex network theory to study a variety of homogeneous and heterogeneous potential networks, we show that bi-partide and heterogeneous topologies are able to tolerate antigens in certain regions, where as those showing high levels of clustering are unable to do so. It is also shown that the equilibrium topology resulting from traditional immune dynamics depends dramatically on the potential topology of a network.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Albert, R., Barabási, A.L.: Statistical mechanics of complex networks. Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 47–97 (2002)
Amaral, L.A., Scala, A., Barthelemy, M., Stanley, H.E.: Classes of small-world networks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 97(21), 11149–11152 (2000)
Barabási, A.L., Albert, R.: Emergence of scaling in random networks. Science 286(5439), 509–512 (1999)
Barabási, L., Oltvai, Z.: Network biology: Understanding the cell’s functional organization. Nature Reviews Genetics 5, 101–113 (2004)
Bersini, H.: Self-assertion vs self-recogntion: A tribute to francisco varela. In: Proceedings of ICARIS 2002 (2002)
Bersini, H.: Revisiting Immune Networks. In: Banzhaf, W., Ziegler, J., Christaller, T., Dittrich, P., Kim, J.T. (eds.) ECAL 2003. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2801, pp. 191–198. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Bersini, H., Lenaerts, T., Santos, F.C.: Growing biological networks: Beyond the gene-duplication model. Journal of Theoretical Biology 241(3), 488–505 (2006)
Carneiro, J., Stewart, J.: Rethinking ”Shape Space”: Evidence from simulated docking suggests that steric shape complementarity is not limiting for antibody-antigen recognition and idiotypic interactions. J. Theoretical Biology 169, 390–402 (1994)
Carneiro, J., Coutinho, A., Stewart, J.: A model of the immune network with B-T cell co-operation. II-The simulation of ontogenesis. J. Theor. Biol. 182, 531–554 (1996)
De Boer, R., Hoegeweg, P., Perelson, A.S.: Growth and Recruitment in an Immune Network. Theoretical and Experimental Insights into Immunology, 223–247 (1992)
Dorogotsev, S.N., Mendes, J.F.F.: Evolution of Networks: From Biological Nets to the Internet and WWW. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2003)
Guimerá, R., Amaral, L.A.N.: Functional cartography of complex metabolic networks. Nature 433(895) (2005)
Hart, E., Ross, P.: The impact of the shape of antibody recognition regions on the emergence of idiotypic networks. International Journal of Unconventional Computing (2005)
Hart, E.: Not all balls are round: An investigation of alternative recognition-region shapes. In: Jacob, C., Pilat, M.L., Bentley, P.J., Timmis, J.I. (eds.) ICARIS 2005. LNCS, vol. 3627, pp. 29–42. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Hart, E., Bersini, H., Santos, F.C.: Tolerance vs intolerance: How affinity defines topology in an idiotypic network. In: Bersini, H., Carneiro, J. (eds.) ICARIS 2006. LNCS, vol. 4163, pp. 109–121. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
May, R.M., Lloyd, A.L.: Infection dynamics on scale-free networks. Phys. Rev. E 64(6 Pt 2), 66112 (2001)
Pastor-Satorras, R., Vespignani, A.: Epidemic spreading in scale-free networks. Physical Review Letters 86(3200) (2001)
Perelson, A.: Immune network theory. Immunological Reviews 10, 5–36 (1989)
Santos, F.C., Pacheco, J.M., Lenaerts, T.: Evolutionary dynamics of social dilemmas in structured heterogeneous populations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 103(9), 3490–3494 (2006)
Stewart, J.: The affirmation of self: a new perspective on the immune system. Artificial Life 10(3), 261–276 (2004)
Tanaka, R., Yi, T.M., Doyle, J.: Some protein interaction data do not exhibit power-law statistics. FEBS letters 579, 5140–5144 (2005)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hart, E., Santos, F., Bersini, H. (2007). Topological Constraints in the Evolution of Idiotypic Networks. In: de Castro, L.N., Von Zuben, F.J., Knidel, H. (eds) Artificial Immune Systems. ICARIS 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4628. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73922-7_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73922-7_22
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-73921-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-73922-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)