Summary
Using 15 deployable integral field units of FLAMES/GIRAFFE at VLT, we have recovered the velocity fields of 35 galaxies at intermediate redshift (0.4 ≤ z ≤ 0.75). This facility is able to recover the velocity fields of almost all the emission line galaxies with I(AB)≤ 22.5. We find that less than 40% of intermediate redshift galaxies are indeed rotating disks, producing a Tully-Fischer relationship (stellar mass or M(K band) versus Vmax) which has apparently not evolved in slope, zero point and scatter, since z=0.6. The very large scatters found in previously reported Tully-Fischer relationships at moderate redshifts are apparently due to the difficulty to identify the nature of velocity fields with slits.
Indeed a majority of intermediate redshift starbursts are not rotating disks: 60% of galaxy velocity fields evidence the fact that they have not reached their dynamical equilibrium. Those galaxies include mergers, compact galaxies and/or inflow/outflows and their presence suggests a strong evolution in the dynamical properties of galaxies during the last 7 Gyrs. We also used the moderately high spectral resolution of FLAMES/GIRAFFE (R=10000) to derive 2D maps of electronic densities from the [OII] 3726,3729 line ratios. This allows us to identify an outflow and few giant HII regions with densities similar to Orion, but at z=0.6. It leads to a new technique for mapping extinctions, star formation rate densities, gas metal abundances in distant galaxies, which, combined with velocity fields, allows to investigate the details of galaxy physics at large lookback times.
Integral field spectroscopy is a mature technique which will be applied to Extremely Large Telescopes. We summarize some of the extragalactic science cases, and discuss their resulting requirements (image quality, field, multiplex & spectral resolution), which can be compared to adaptive optics techniques such as GLAO (Ground Layer Adaptive Optics) , FALCON (or Distributed Adaptive Optics) and Laser Guide Stars.Integral field spectroscopy is a mature technique which will be applied to Extremely Large Telescopes. We summarize some of the extragalactic science cases, and discuss their resulting requirements (image quality, field, multiplex & spectral resolution), which can be compared to adaptive optics techniques such as GLAO (Ground Layer Adaptive Optics) , FALCON (or Distributed Adaptive Optics) and Laser Guide Stars.
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Puech, M., Hammer, F., Flores, H. (2007). Velocity Fields of z∼0.6 Galaxies with GIRAFFE and Perspectives for ELTs. In: Kissler-Patig, M., Walsh, J.R., Roth, M.M. (eds) Science Perspectives for 3D Spectroscopy. Eso Astrophysics Symposia European Southern Observatory. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73491-8_33
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73491-8_33
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