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Tabak, Tabakinhalts- und -zusatzstoffe

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Tabakabhängigkeit

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Abstract

•Bereits zwischen 1950 und 1975 wurden an der Zigarette entscheidende Veränderungen vorgenommen, wobei auch versucht wurde, das toxische und kanzerogene Potenzial der Zigarette zu reduzieren (z. B. durch die Installation von Zigarettenfiltern), was in Tierversuchen nachgewiesen worden war.

•Veränderungen im Anbau und der Herstellung von Zigarettentabak führten zu einem Anstieg der tabakspezifischen Nitrosamine im Tabakrauch, die auch verantwortlich für den Anstieg von Adenokarzinomen zeichneten.

•Bestrebungen, den Nikotingehalt von Zigaretten bis auf etwa ein Drittel zu senken, wurden durch Messungen des Tabakrauchs in FTC-Maschinen scheinbar erreicht. Über die Veränderungen der Rauchgewohnheiten (Inhalationstiefe und -frequenz) werden dagegen 2- bis 3-fache Mengen von Teer, Nikotin und CO erzielt.

•Der Raucher verschiedener Filter- und Light-Zigaretten intensiviert sein Rauchverhalten, um die für ihn erforderlichen Nikotinmengen aus dem Zigarettenrauch zu erhalten. Beim Vergleich mit regulären Zigaretten erleichtern Lightund Ultralight-Zigaretten keinen Rauchstopp.

•Die Tabakindustrie lieferte nur unbedeutende Beiträge zu toxikologischen Problemen, die den Haupt- und Nebenstromrauch betreffen, so z. B. 1. Anteil und Zusammensetzung von Partikeln, 2. Gehalt von Nitrosaminen, wobei vor allem auf den Metaboliten NNK hingewiesen werden muss, und 3. ausreichende Belege für die gesundheitsschädigende Wirkung.

•Insgesamt ist der Tabakindustrie der Vorwurf zu machen, dass sie an der Lösung der immensen Gesundheitsprobleme nicht interessiert ist, weil ihre Geschäftsinteressen und die am Geschäft verdienenden Aktionäre dem entgegenstehen.

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  1. Institut für Nikotinforschung und Raucherentwöhnung, Johannesstr. 85–87, 99084, Erfurt, Deutschland

    Knut-Olaf Haustein

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(2008). Tabak, Tabakinhalts- und -zusatzstoffe. In: Haustein, KO. (eds) Tabakabhängigkeit. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73309-6_3

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