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Advances in Construction Materials 2007 pp 181–202Cite as

Tensile strain-hardening FRC composites: Historical evolution since the 1960

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Abstract

Cement-based composites reinforced with discontinuous fibers can be conveniently classified according to their tensile response, namely, either strain-softening or strain-hardening. While such a classification seems deceptively simple, it was not arrived at spontaneously and took some time to materialize. This paper describes some chronological developments since the 1960’s and related nomenclature that led to the special class of strain-hardening FRC composites. These composites are characterized by a strain hardening response after first cracking accompanied by multiple cracking up to relatively high strains. Two different groups of researchers, one in the field of materials science and the other in civil engineering, working totally independently, formulated criteria to achieve such behavior. One criterion is based on a stress threshold and the other criterion is based on an energy balance. The two groups followed two entirely different approaches: one followed a composite mechanics approach leading to a stress criterion, and one followed a fracture mechanics formulation leading to both a stress and an energy criterion. It is observed that the two groups while following entirely different paths solved in effect the same problem. Strain hardening FRC composites are expected to become widely used in the future in structural applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, USA

    Antoine E. Naaman

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  1. Antoine E. Naaman
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Materialprüfungsanstalt Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 4, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany

    Christian U. Grosse

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Naaman, A.E. (2007). Tensile strain-hardening FRC composites: Historical evolution since the 1960. In: Grosse, C.U. (eds) Advances in Construction Materials 2007. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72448-3_19

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72448-3_19

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-72448-3

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