Abstract
Contrast medium (CM) administration remains an integral part of thoracic and cardiovascular CT. While simple, empiric injection protocols (fixed volume and fixed scanning delay) are sufficient for non-vascular CM-enhanced thoracic CT, cardiac and CT angiographic applications require more sophistication. The goal is to achieve strong enhancement of the vascular territory (or territories) of interest synchronized with CT data acquisition, which requires integrating knowledge of arterial enhancement dynamics with the technical capabilities and acquisition parameters of the CT scanner. The increasing breadth of cardiovascular CT applications, ranging from pulmonary CTA over left atrial mapping, coronary and thoracic CTA, to complex applications aiming at simultaneous opacification of systemic and pulmonary circulations with minimal artifacts, make this a challenging task. CT scanner technology is continuously evolving, with scan times becoming shorter with every new CT scanner generation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bae KT, Heiken JP, Brink JA (1998) Aortic and hepatic contrast medium enhancement at CT. Part II. Effect of reduced cardiac output in a porcine model. Radiology 207:657–662
Claussen CD, Banzer D, Pfretzschner C, Kalender WA, Schorner W (1984) Bolus geometry and dynamics after intravenous contrast-medium injection. Radiology 153:365–368
Dawson P, Blomley MJ (1996) Contrast agent pharmacokinetics revisited: I. Reformulation. Acad Radiol 3 (Suppl2):S261–263
Fleischmann D (2002) Present and future trends in multiple detector-row CT applications: CT angiography. Eur Radiol 12:S11–S16
Fleischmann D (2003) Techniques for contrast media injections. In: Schoepf UJ (ed) Multidetector-row CT of the thorax. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 47–59
Fleischmann D (2005) Contrast-medium administration. In: Catalano C, Passariello R (eds) Multidetector-row CT angiography. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 41–54
Fleischmann D, Hittmair K (1999) Mathematical analysis of arterial enhancement and optimization of bolus geometry for CT angiography using the discrete fourier transform. J Comput Assist Tomogr 23:474–484
Hittmair K, Fleischmann D (2001) Accuracy of predicting and controlling time-dependent aortic enhancement from a test bolus injection. J Comput Assist Tomogr 25:287–294
Sheiman RG, Raptopoulos V, Caruso P, Vrachliotis T, Pearlman J (1996) Comparison of tailored and empiric scan delays for CT angiography of the abdomen. Am J Roentgenol 167:725–729
Van Hoe L, Marchal G, Baert AL, Gryspeerdt S, Mertens L (1995) Determination of scan delay time in spiral CT angiography: utility of a test bolus injection. J Comput Assist Tomogr 19:216–220
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fleischmann, D., Lin, M.C.C. (2009). Contrast Medium Utilization. In: Rémy-Jardin, M., Rémy, J. (eds) Integrated Cardiothoracic Imaging with MDCT. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72387-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72387-5_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-72386-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-72387-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)