Abstract
Upper gastrointestinal surgery has witnessed an enormous leap in the last decade, largely related to introduction of new technologies; with the advent of NOTES and the advancement of robotic surgery and various endoscopic techniques, many of the now standard laparoscopic procedures are now being attempted through these approaches. It seems as this is a turnover of a new generation of surgical techniques which may once more change the face of surgical practice and values, just as laparoscopy did in the last two decades.
Another focus of interest is Barrett's esophagus, which has been one of the most studied upper gastrointestinal diseases in recent research studies owing to its identified risk of cancer development; making it one of few possible targets of cancer prevention.
Recently, the massive increase in rate of performance of bariatric surgeries has put these techniques in the focus of comprehensive research in terms of technical perfection as well as metabolic and physiological consequences.
As for other benign and malignant esophageal and gastric conditions, various studies have addressed both the surgical technical, and more importantly, the biological question of etiology, diagnosis and follow up. In spite of the achievements in the field, it is still open for vast future progress whether on the basic science frontier or on the clinical training and practice grounds.
Upper Gastrointestinal surgery has been an area of prolific development in recent decades. The introduction of obesity and metabolic operations has seen a dramatic expansion in view of the worldwide pandemic of obesity. Novel treatment therapies include the introduction of Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES), Endoluminal therapy, Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) and Photodynamic Therapy. There has been increased clarification of the mechanisms of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease, Achalasia, Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Cancer. This includes disease progression and the use of tumour markers, molecular profiling, detection of micrometastases and diagnostic laparoscopic/thoracoscopic techniques. Other developments include an increased appreciation of surgical skills training and volume-outcome relationships.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ballantyne GH (2007) Telerobotic gastrointestinal surgery: phase 2 – safety and efficacy. Surg Endosc 21:1054–1062
Ruurda JP, Broeders IA, Simmermacher RP et al (2002) Feasibility of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery: an evaluation of 35 robot-assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 12:41–45
Berguer R, Smith W (2006) An ergonomic comparison of robotic and laparoscopic technique: the influence of surgeon experience and task complexity. J Surg Res 134:87–92
Bodner JC, Zitt M, Ott H et al (2005) Robotic-assisted tho-racoscopic surgery (RATS) for benign and malignant esoph-ageal tumors. Ann Thorac Surg 80:1202–1206
Kalloo AN, Singh VK, Jagannath SB et al (2004) Flexible transgastric peritoneoscopy: a novel approach to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in the peritoneal cavity. Gastrointest Endosc 60:114–117
Pai RD, Fong DG, Bundga ME et al (2006) Transcolonic endoscopic cholecystectomy: a NOTES survival study in a porcine model (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 64:428–434
Rattner D, Kalloo A (2006) ASGE/SAGES Working Group on Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery. Surg Endosc 20:329–333
Palanivelu C, Rajan PS, Rangarajan M et al (2008) Trans vaginal endoscopic appendectomy in humans: a unique approach to NOTES-world's first report. Surg Endosc 22:1343–1347
Bernhardt J, Gerber B, Schober HC et al (2008) NOTES – case report of a unidirectional flexible appendectomy. Int J Colorectal Dis 23:547–550
Rattner DW (2008) NOTES: Where have we been and where are we going? Surg Endosc 22:1143–1145
Triadafilopoulos G (2004) Changes in GERD symptom scores correlate with improvement in esophageal acid exposure after the Stretta procedure. Surg Endosc 18:1038–1044
Triadafilopoulos G (2007) Endotherapy and surgery for GERD. J Clin Gastroenterol 41(Suppl 2):S87–S96
Cicala M, Gabbrielli A, Emerenziani S et al (2005) Effect of endoscopic augmentation of the lower oesophageal sphincter (Gatekeeper reflux repair system) on intraoesophageal dynamic characteristics of acid reflux. Gut 54:183–186
Fockens P, Bruno MJ, Gabbrielli A et al (2004) Endoscopic augmentation of the lower esophageal sphincter for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease: multicenter study of the Gatekeeper Reflux Repair System. Endoscopy 36:682–689
Pleskow D, Rothstein R, Lo S et al (2005) Endoscopic full-thickness plication for the treatment of GERD: 12-month follow-up for the North American open-label trial. Gastrointest Endosc 61:643–649
Pleskow D, Rothstein R, Kozarek R et al (2007) Endoscopic full-thickness plication for the treatment of GERD: long-term multicenter results. Surg Endosc 21:439–444
Pleskow D, Rothstein R, Kozarek R et al (2008) Endoscopic full-thickness plication for the treatment of GERD: five-year long-term multicenter results. Surg Endosc 22:326–332
Rothstein RI (2008) Endoscopic therapy of gastroesopha-geal reflux disease: outcomes of the randomized-controlled trials done to date. J Clin Gastroenterol 42:594–602
Conio M, Cameron AJ, Chak A et al (2005) Endoscopic treatment of high-grade dysplasia and early cancer in Barrett's oesophagus. Lancet Oncol 6:311–321
Conio M, Repici A, Cestari R et al (2005) Endoscopic mucosal resection for high-grade dysplasia and intramucosal carcinoma in Barrett's esophagus: an Italian experience. World J Gastroenterol 11:6650–6655
Gross SA, Wolfsen HC (2008) The use of photodynamic therapy for diseases of the esophagus. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 27:5–21
Tokar JL, Haluszka O, Weinberg DS (2007) Endoscopic therapy of dysplasia and early-stage cancers of the esophagus. Semin Radiat Oncol 17:10–21
Wolfsen HC (2005) Present status of photodynamic therapy for high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. J Clin Gastroenterol 39:189–202
Sproston P, Primatesta P (2003) Health survey for England 2002. The health of children and young people. The Stationery Office, London
Kopelman P, Jebb SA, Butland B. (2007) Executive Summary: Foresight ‘Tackling Obesities: Future Choices’ project. Obes Rev. Mar;8 Suppl 1:vi–ix
Field AE, Coakley EH, Must A et al (2001) Impact of overweight on the risk of developing common chronic diseases during a 10-year period. Arch Intern Med 161:1581–1586
Price GM, Uauy R, Breeze E et al (2006) Weight, shape, and mortality risk in older persons: elevated waist-hip ratio, not high body mass index, is associated with a greater risk of death. Am J Clin Nutr 84:449–460
Baumer JH. (2007) Obesity and overweight: its prevention, identification, assessment and management. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. Jun;92(3):ep92–6
Kohn GP, Galanko JA, Overby DW, Farrell TM. (2009) Recent Trends in bariatric surgery case volume in the United States. Surgery Aug:146(2):375–80
Schneider BE, Mun EC (2005) Surgical management of morbid obesity. Diabetes Care 28:475–480
Morino M, Toppino M, Bonnet G et al (2003) Laparoscopic adjustable silicone gastric banding versus vertical banded gastroplasty in morbidly obese patients: a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Ann Surg 238:835–841; discussion 841–842
Sugerman HJ, Kral JG (2005) Evidence-based medicine reports on obesity surgery: a critique. Int J Obes (Lond) 29:735–745
Alper D, Ramadan E, Vishne T et al (2000) Silastic ring vertical gastroplasty- long-term results and complications. Obes Surg 10:250–254
Suter M, Jayet C, Jayet A (2000) Vertical banded gastro-plasty: long-term results comparing three different techniques. Obes Surg 10:41–46; discussion 47
Belachew M, Legrand MJ, Defechereux TH et al (1994) Laparoscopic adjustable silicone gastric banding in the treatment of morbid obesity. A preliminary report. Surg Endosc 8:1354–1356
DeMaria EJ, Jamal MK (2005) Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding: evolving clinical experience. Surg Clin North Am 85:773–787; vii
Angrisani L, Furbetta F, Doldi SB et al (2003) Lap band adjustable gastric banding system: the Italian experience with 1863 patients operated on 6 years. Surg Endosc 17:409–412
DeMaria EJ, Schauer P, Patterson E et al (2005) The optimal surgical management of the super-obese patient: the debate. Presented at the annual meeting of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons, Hollywood, Florida, USA, April 13–16, 2005. Surg Innov 12:107–121
Weiner R, Blanco-Engert R, Weiner S et al (2003) Outcome after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding – 8 years experience. Obes Surg 13:427–434
Dolan K, Hatzifotis M, Newbury L et al (2004) A comparison of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding and biliopan-creatic diversion in superobesity. Obes Surg 14:165–169
Mognol P, Chosidow D, Marmuse JP (2005) Laparoscopic gastric bypass versus laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding in the super-obese: a comparative study of 290 patients. Obes Surg 15:76–81
Chevallier JM, Zinzindohoue F, Douard R et al (2004) Complications after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding for morbid obesity: experience with 1,000 patients over 7 years. Obes Surg 14:407–414
Fielding GA, Ren CJ (2005) Laparoscopic adjustable gastric band. Surg Clin North Am 85:129–140; x
Dargent J (2005) Esophageal dilatation after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding: definition and strategy. Obes Surg 15:843–848
Shen R, Dugay G, Rajaram K et al (2004) Impact of patient follow-up on weight loss after bariatric surgery. Obes Surg 14:514–519
Moon Han S, Kim WW, Oh JH (2005) Results of laparo-scopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) at 1 year in morbidly obese Korean patients. Obes Surg 15:1469–1475
Silecchia G, Boru C, Pecchia A et al (2006) Effectiveness of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (first stage of biliopancre-atic diversion with duodenal switch) on co-morbidities in super-obese high-risk patients. Obes Surg 16:1138–1144
Frezza EE (2007) Laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity. The future procedure of choice? Surg Today 37:275–281
Deviere J, Ojeda Valdes G, Cuevas Herrera L et al (2008) Safety, feasibility and weight loss after transoral gastroplasty: first human multicenter study. Surg Endosc 22:589–598
Kantsevoy SV, Hu B, Jagannath SB et al (2007) Technical feasibility of endoscopic gastric reduction: a pilot study in a porcine model. Gastrointest Endosc 65:510–513
Genco A, Bruni T, Doldi SB et al (2005) BioEnterics intra-gastric balloon: the Italian experience with 2,515 patients. Obes Surg 15:1161–1164
Genco A, Cipriano M, Bacci V et al (2006) BioEnterics intragastric balloon (BIB): a short-term, double-blind, randomised, controlled, crossover study on weight reduction in morbidly obese patients. Int J Obes (Lond) 30:129–133
Melissas J, Mouzas J, Filis D et al (2006) The intragastric balloon – smoothing the path to bariatric surgery. Obes Surg 16:897–902
Spyropoulos C, Katsakoulis E, Mead N et al (2007) Intragastric balloon for high-risk super-obese patients: a prospective analysis of efficacy. Surg Obes Relat Dis 3:78–83
Scopinaro N, Marinari G, Camerini G et al (2005) Biliopancreatic diversion for obesity: state of the art. Surg Obes Relat Dis 1:317–328
Buchwald H, Avidor Y, Braunwald E et al (2004) Bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 292:1724–1737
Scopinaro N (2006) Biliopancreatic diversion: mechanisms of action and long-term results. Obes Surg 16:683–689
Scopinaro N, Papadia F, Marinari G et al (2007) Long-term control of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the other major components of the metabolic syndrome after biliopancreatic diversion in patients with BMI <35 kg/m2. Obes Surg 17:185–192
Tataranni PA, Mingrone G, Raguso CA et al (1996) Twenty-four-hour energy and nutrient balance in weight stable postobese patients after biliopancreatic diversion. Nutrition 12:239–244
Hess DS, Hess DW (1998) Biliopancreatic diversion with a duodenal switch. Obes Surg 8:267–282
Marceau P, Hould FS, Simard S et al (1998) Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch. World J Surg 22:947–954
Feng JJ, Gagner M (2002) Laparoscopic biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch. Semin Laparosc Surg 9:125–129
Hess DS, Hess DW, Oakley RS (2005) The biliopancreatic diversion with the duodenal switch: results beyond 10 years. Obes Surg 15:408–416
Buchwald H (2005) Consensus conference statement bariat-ric surgery for morbid obesity: health implications for patients, health professionals, and third-party payers. Surg Obes Relat Dis 1:371–381
Scopinaro N, Marinari GM, Camerini G (2002) Laparoscopic standard biliopancreatic diversion: technique and preliminary results. Obes Surg 12:362–365
Scopinaro N, Gianetta E, Adami GF et al (1996) Biliopancreatic diversion for obesity at eighteen years. Surgery 119:261–268
Scopinaro N, Adami GF, Marinari GM et al (1998) Biliopancreatic diversion. World J Surg 22:936–946
Anthone GJ (2005) The duodenal switch operation for morbid obesity. Surg Clin North Am 85:819–833; viii
Slater GH, Fielding GA (2004) Combining laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding and biliopancreatic diversion after failed bariatric surgery. Obes Surg 14:677–682
Santry HP, Gillen DL, Lauderdale DS (2005) Trends in bar-iatric surgical procedures. JAMA 294:1909–1917
DeMaria EJ (2004) Is gastric bypass superior for the surgical treatment of obesity compared with malabsorptive procedures? J Gastrointest Surg 8:401–403
Marema RT, Perez M, Buffington CK (2005) Comparison of the benefits and complications between laparoscopic and open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgeries. Surg Endosc 19:525–530
Podnos YD, Jimenez JC, Wilson SE et al (2003) Complications after laparoscopic gastric bypass: a review of 3464 cases. Arch Surg 138:957–961
Olbers T, Fagevik-Olsen M, Maleckas A et al (2005) Randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty for obesity. Br J Surg 92:557–562
Raftopoulos I, Ercole J, Udekwu AO et al (2005) Outcomes of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass stratified by a body mass index of 70 kg/m2: a comparative analysis of 825 procedures. J Gastrointest Surg 9:44–52; discussion 52–53
Maggard MA, Shugarman LR, Suttorp M et al (2005) Meta-analysis: surgical treatment of obesity. Ann Intern Med 142:547–559
Stein HJ, Feith M (2005) Surgical strategies for early esophageal adenocarcinoma. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 19:927–940
Peyre CG, Hagen JA, DeMeester SR et al (2008) The number of lymph nodes removed predicts survival in esophageal cancer: an international study on the impact of extent of surgical resection. Ann Surg 248:549–556
Kent MS, Schuchert M, Fernando H et al (2006) Minimally invasive esophagectomy: state of the art. Dis Esophagus 19:137–145
Pennathur A, Luketich JD (2008) Minimally invasive surgical treatment of esophageal carcinoma. Gastrointest Cancer Res 2:295
Luketich JD, Fernando HC, Christie NA et al (2001) Outcomes after minimally invasive esophagomyotomy. Ann Thorac Surg 72:1909–1912; discussion 1912–1903
Spechler SJ, Lee E, Ahnen D et al (2001) Long-term outcome of medical and surgical therapies for gastroesophageal reflux disease: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 285:2331–2338
Garcia-Gallont R (2008) Laparoscopic fundoplication for GERD: are we there yet? Dig Dis 26:304–308
Gatenby PA, Ramus JR, Caygill CP et al (2009) Treatment modality and risk of development of dysplasia and adenocarci-noma in columnar-lined esophagus. Dis Esophagus 22:133–142
Smith CD (2008) Antireflux surgery. Surg Clin North Am 88:943–958; v
Fibbe C, Layer P, Keller J et al (2001) Esophageal motility in reflux disease before and after fundoplication: a prospective, randomized, clinical, and manometric study. Gastroenterology 121:5–14
Laws HL, Clements RH, Swillie CM (1997) A randomized, prospective comparison of the Nissen fundoplication versus the Toupet fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Ann Surg 225:647–653; discussion 654
Varin O, Velstra B, De Sutter S et al (2009) Total vs partial fundoplication in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a meta-analysis. Arch Surg 144:273–278
Oelschlager BK, Chang L, Pellegrini CA (2003) Improved outcome after extended gastric myotomy for achalasia. Arch Surg 138:490–495; discussion 495–497
Neuner G, Patel A, Suntharalingam M (2009) Chemo radiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Gastrointest Cancer Res 3:57–65
Yakoub D, Fahmy R, Athanasiou T et al (2008) Evidence-based choice of esophageal stent for the palliative management of malignant dysphagia. World J Surg 32:1996–2009
Ferry DR, Anderson M, Beddard K et al (2007) A phase II study of gefitinib monotherapy in advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma: evidence of gene expression, cellular, and clinical response. Clin Cancer Res 13:5869–5875
Weichselbaum RR, Kufe D (2009) Translation of the radio-and chemo-inducible TNFerade vector to the treatment of human cancers. Cancer Gene Ther 16:609–619
Atherfold PA, Jankowski JA (2006) Molecular biology of Barrett's cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 20:813–827
Brock MV, Gou M, Akiyama Y et al (2003) Prognostic importance of promoter hypermethylation of multiple genes in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 9:2912–2919
Hao Y, Triadafilopoulos G, Sahbaie P et al (2006) Gene expression profiling reveals stromal genes expressed in common between Barrett's esophagus and adenocarci-noma. Gastroenterology 131:925–933
Helm J, Enkemann SA, Coppola D et al (2005) Dediffer en-tiation precedes invasion in the progression from Barrett's metaplasia to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 11:2478–2485
Jankowski JA, Wright NA, Meltzer SJ et al (1999) Molecular evolution of the metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence in the esophagus. Am J Pathol 154:965–973
Binato M, Gurski RR, Fagundes RB et al (2009) P53 and Ki-67 overexpression in gastroesophageal reflux disease – Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma sequence. Dis Esophagus. 22(7):588–95. Epub 2009 Mar 6
Jin Z, Cheng Y, Gu W et al (2009) A multicenter, double-blinded validation study of methylation biomarkers for progression prediction in Barrett's esophagus. Cancer Res 69:4112–4115
Tischoff I, Tannapfel A (2008) Barrett's esophagus: can biomarkers predict progression to malignancy? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2:653–663
Tomizawa Y, Wang KK (2009) Changes in screening, prognosis and therapy for esophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 25:358–365
Kaye PV, Haider SA, Ilyas M et al (2009) Barrett's dyspla-sia and the Vienna classification: reproducibility, prediction of progression and impact of consensus reporting and p53 immunohistochemistry. Histopathology 54:699–712
Keswani RN, Noffsinger A, Waxman I et al (2006) Clinical use of p53 in Barrett's esophagus. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15:1243–1249
Reid BJ, Blount PL, Rabinovitch PS (2003) Biomarkers in Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 13:369–397
Falkenback D, Nilbert M, Oberg S et al (2008) Prognostic value of cell adhesion in esophageal adenocarcinomas. Dis Esophagus 21:97–102
Feith M, Stein HJ, Mueller J et al (2004) Malignant degeneration of Barrett's esophagus: the role of the Ki-67 proliferation fraction, expression of E-cadherin and p53. Dis Esophagus 17:322–327
Zagorowicz E, Jankowski J (2007) Molecular changes in the progression of Barrett's oesophagus. Postgrad Med J 83:529–535
Schuchert MJ, McGrath K, Buenaventura PO (2005) Barrett's esophagus: diagnostic approaches and surveillance. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 17:301–312
Schuchert MJ, Luketich JD (2007) Barrett's esophagus-emerging concepts and controversies. J Surg Oncol 95:185–189
Das D, Chilton AP, Jankowski JA (2009) Chemoprevention of oesophageal cancer and the AspECT trial. Recent Results Cancer Res 181:161–169
Inoue H, Kajiyama Y, Tsurumaru M (2004) Clinical sig-nificance of bone marrow micrometastases in esophageal cancer. Dis Esophagus 17:328–332
Spence GM, Graham AN, Mulholland K et al (2004) Bone marrow micrometastases and markers of angiogenesis in esophageal cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 78:1944–1949; discussion 1950
Ryan P, McCarthy S, Kelly J et al (2004) Prevalence of bone marrow micrometastases in esophagogastric cancer patients with and without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. J Surg Res 117:121–126
May A, Gunter E, Roth F et al (2004) Accuracy of staging in early oesophageal cancer using high resolution endos-copy and high resolution endosonography: a comparative, prospective, and blinded trial. Gut 53:634–640
Shimizu K, Ito K, Matsunaga N et al (2005) Diagnosis of gastric cancer with MDCT using the water-filling method and multiplanar reconstruction: CT-histologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 185:1152–1158
Dalal KM, Woo Y, Kelly K et al (2008) Detection of micro-metastases in peritoneal washings of gastric cancer patients by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Gastric Cancer 11:206–213
Liakakos T, Polychronidis A, Bistarakis D et al (2009) Laparoscopic peritoneal cytology: can it affect decision-making for neoadjuvant treatment of gastric cancer? Ann Surg Oncol 16:1072–1073; author reply 1076
Birkmeyer JD, Sun Y, Wong SL et al (2007) Hospital volume and late survival after cancer surgery. Ann Surg 245:777–783
Casson AG, van Lanschot JJ (2005) Improving outcomes after esophagectomy: the impact of operative volume. J Surg Oncol 92:262–266
Kuo EY, Chang Y, Wright CD (2001) Impact of hospital volume on clinical and economic outcomes for esophagec-tomy. Ann Thorac Surg 72:1118–1124
Reavis KM, Smith BR, Hinojosa MW et al (2008) Outcomes of esophagectomy at academic centers: an association between volume and outcome. Am Surg 74:939–943
Homs MY, v d Gaast A, Siersema PD et al (2006) Chemotherapy for metastatic carcinoma of the esophagus and gastro-esophageal junction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: CD004063
Homs MY, Voest EE, Siersema PD (2009) Emerging drugs for esophageal cancer. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 14:329–339
Finch MD, John TG, Garden OJ et al (1997) Laparoscopic ultrasonography for staging gastroesophageal cancer. Surgery 121:10–17
Bollschweiler EH, Monig SP, Hensler K et al (2004) Artificial neural network for prediction of lymph node metastases in gastric cancer: a phase II diagnostic study. Ann Surg Oncol 11:506–511
Mitas M, Almeida JS, Mikhitarian K et al (2005) Accurate discrimination of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma using a quantitative three-tiered algorithm and multimarker real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Clin Cancer Res 11:2205–2214
Streitz JM Jr, Madden MT, Marimanikkuppam SS et al (2005) Analysis of protein expression patterns in Barrett's esophagus using MALDI mass spectrometry, in search of malignancy biomarkers. Dis Esophagus 18:170–176
Kelsen DP, Ginsberg R, Pajak TF, Sheahan DG, Gunderson L, Mortimer J, Estes N, Haller DG, Ajani J, Kocha W, Minsky BD, Roth JA. (1998) Chemotherapy followed by surgery compared with surgery alone for localized esopha-geal cancer. N Engl J Med. Dec 31;339(27):1979–84
Medical Research Council Oesophageal Cancer Working Group. (2002) Surgical resection with or without preopera-tive chemotherapy in oesophageal cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. May 18;359(9319):1727–33
Cunningham D, Allum WH, Stenning SP, Thompson JN, Van de Velde CJ, Nicolson M, Scarffe JH, Lofts FJ, Falk SJ, Iveson TJ, Smith DB, Langley RE, Verma M, Weeden S, Chua YJ, MAGIC Trial Participants. (2006) Perioperative chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastroe-sophageal cancer. N Engl J Med. Jul 6;355(1):11–20
Urba SG, Orringer MB, Turrisi A, Iannettoni M, Forastiere A, Strawderman M. (2001). Randomized trial of preoperative chemoradiation versus surgery alone in patients with locoregional esophageal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. Jan 15;19(2):305–13
Walsh TN, Noonan N, Hollywood D, Kelly A, Keeling N, Hennessy TP. (1996) A comparison of multimodal therapy and surgery for esophageal adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med. Aug 15;335(7):462–7. Erratum in: N Engl J Med 1999 Jul 29;341(5):384
Burmeister BH, Smithers BM, Gebski V, Fitzgerald L, Simes RJ, Devitt P, Ackland S, Gotley DC, Joseph D, Millar J, North J, Walpole ET, Denham JW; Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group; Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group. (2005) Surgery alone versus chemoradio-therapy followed by surgery for resectable cancer of the oesophagus: a randomised controlled phase III trial. Lancet Oncol. Sep;6(9):659–68
Kelsen DP, Ginsberg R, Pajak TF, Sheahan DG, Gunderson L, Mortimer J, Estes N, Haller DG, Ajani J, Kocha W, Minsky BD, Roth JA. Chemotherapy followed by surgery compared with surgery alone for localized esophageal cancer. N Engl J Med. 1998 Dec 31;339(27):1979–84. PubMed PMID: 9869669
Medical Research Council Oesophageal Cancer Working Group. Surgical resection with or without preoperative chemotherapy in oesophageal cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2002 May 18;359(9319):1727–33. PubMed PMID: 12049861
Cunningham D, Allum WH, Stenning SP, Thompson JN, Van de Velde CJ, Nicolson M, Scarffe JH, Lofts FJ, Falk SJ, Iveson TJ, Smith DB, Langley RE, Verma M, Weeden S, Chua YJ, MAGIC Trial Participants. Perioperative chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastroe-sophageal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jul 6;355(1):11–20. PubMed PMID: 16822992
Urba SG, Orringer MB, Turrisi A, Iannettoni M, Forastiere A, Strawderman M. Randomized trial of preoperative chemoradiation versus surgery alone in patients with locoregional esophageal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Jan 15;19(2):305–13. PubMed PMID: 11208820
Walsh TN, Noonan N, Hollywood D, Kelly A, Keeling N, Hennessy TP. A comparison of multimodal therapy and surgery for esophageal adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med.1996 Aug 15;335(7):462–7. Erratum in: N Engl J Med 1999 Jul 29;341(5):384. PubMed PMID: 8672151
Burmeister BH, Walpole ET, Burmeister EA, Thomas J, Thomson DB, Harvey JA,Mark Smithers B, Gotley DC. Feasibility of chemoradiation therapy with protracted infusion of 5-fluorouracil for esophageal cancer patients not suitable for cisplatin. Int J Clin Oncol. 2005 Aug;10(4):256– 61. PubMed PMID: 16136371
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Yakoub, D., Priest, O., George, A.R., Hanna, G.B. (2010). Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery: Current Trends and Recent Innovations. In: Athanasiou, T., Debas, H., Darzi, A. (eds) Key Topics in Surgical Research and Methodology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71915-1_63
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71915-1_63
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-71914-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-71915-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)