Abstract
We report on results presented at the sessions of Working Group~1 at CESRA 2004, which covered the topic area of the title of this paper. The working-group participants are listed in the Appendix, and the topics discussed have been brought together in several general areas of focus. The emphasis on the discussion is from the point of view of radiophysics. We organize the material by presenting new constraints imposed by the recent high-energy and radio observations. We note though that multi-wavelength knowledge is generally vital in understanding all of the phenomena involved. The new constraints include exciting new millimeter-wave discoveries, among others. We then place these observations into the framework of our knowledge of the acceleration and propagation of high-energy particles, and of their radio emission mechanisms. The RHESSI1 results are the most distinctive in this time frame, and they have made possible several new advances.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Klein, K.-L.: Energy Conversion and Particle Acceleration in the Solar Corona. Springer, Lecture Notes in Physics 612 (2003)
Gary, D.E., Keller, C.U.: Solar and Space Weather Radiophysics - Current Status and Future Developments. Eds D. E. Gary & C. U. Keller, Kluwer, Astrophysics and Space Science Library, 314 (2004)
Gary, D.E., Hurford, G.J.: Coronal temperature, density, and magnetic field maps of a solar acitve region using the Owens Valley Solar Array. ApJ 420 (1994) 903
Grechnev, V.V., and 10 co-authors: The Siberian Solar Radio Telescope: the current state of the instrument, observations, and data. Solar Phys 216 (2003) 239
Kerdraon, A., Delouis, J.M.: The Nançay Radioheliograph. Coronal Physics from Radio and Space Observations Springer, Lecture Notes in Physics 483 (1997) 192
Molodij, G., Trottet, G.: Far Infrared Telescope (TIR) Project. In: Dome C Astronomy and Astrophysics Meeting. Eds. M. Giard, F. Casoli and F. Paletou, EAS Publications Series. (2005) 199
Huovelin, J., and 19 co-authors: The SMART-1 X-ray solar monitor (XSM): calibrations for D-CIXS and independent coronal science. PSS 50 (2002) 1345
Jain, R., Dave, H., Kumar, S., Deshpande, M.R.: Results of one year of observations of solar flares made by ‘‘Solar X-ray Spectrometer (SOXS)’’ Mission. In: COSPAR, Plenary Meeting (2005) 744
Kelley, R.L., and 13 co-authors: The microcalorimeter spectrometer on the ASTRO-E X-ray observatory. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 444 (2000) 170
Hudson, H.S.: Solar flares, microflares, nanoflares, and coronal heating. Solar Phys 133 (1991) 357
Parker, E.N.: Nanoflares and the solar X-ray corona. ApJ 330 (1988) 474
Hannah, I.G., Christe, S., Krucker, S., Hudson, H.S., Fletcher, L., Hendry, M.A.: RHESSI microflare statistics. In: ESA SP-575: SOHO 15 Coronal Heating. (2004) 259
Feldman, U., Doschek, G.A., Behring, W.E., Phillips, K.J.H.: Electron temperature, emission measure, and X-ray flux in A2 to X2 X-ray class solar flares. ApJ 460 (1996) 1034
Aschwanden, M.J.: Particle acceleration and kinematics in solar flares - a synthesis of recent observations and theoretical concepts. Space Science Reviews 101 (2002) 1
Moore, R.L., Sterling, A.C., Hudson, H.S., Lemen, J.R.: Onset of the magnetic explosion in solar flares and coronal mass ejections. ApJ 552 (2001) 833
Fletcher, L., Hudson, H.: The magnetic structure and generation of EUV flare ribbons. Solar Phys 204 (2001) 69
Fletcher, L., Pollock, J.A., Potts, H.E.: Tracking of TRACE ultraviolet flare footpoints. Solar Phys 222 (2004) 279
Zhang, J., Dere, K.P., Howard, R.A., Kundu, M.R., White, S.M.: On the temporal relationship between coronal mass ejections and flares. ApJ 559 (2001) 452
Gallagher, P.T., Dennis, B.R., Krucker, S., Schwartz, R.A., Tolbert, A.K.: RHESSI and TRACE observations of the 21 April 2002 X1.5 flare. Solar Phys 210 (2002) 341
Forbes, T.G., Malherbe, J.M.: A shock condensation mechanism for loop prominences. ApJL 302 (1986) L67
Masuda, S., Kosugi, T., Hudson, H.S.: A hard X-ray two-ribbon flare observed with Yohkoh/HXT. Solar Phys 204 (2001) 55
Metcalf, T.R., Alexander, D., Hudson, H.S., Longcope, D.W.: TRACE and Yohkoh observations of a white-light flare. ApJ 595 (2003) 483
Krucker, S., Hurford, G.J., Lin, R.P.: Hard X-ray source motions in the 2002 July 23 gamma-ray flare. ApJL 595 (2003) L103
Svestka, Z.: Solar Flares, Dordrecht: Reidel, 1976 (1976)
Sakao, T., Kosugi, T., Masuda, S.: Energy release and particle acceleration in solar flares with respect to flaring magnetic loops. In: ASSL Vol. 229: Observational Plasma Astrophysics: Five Years of Yohkoh and Beyond. (1998) 273
Qiu, J., Lee, J., Gary, D.E., Wang, H.: Motion of flare footpoint emission and inferred electric field in reconnecting current sheets. ApJ 565 (2002) 1335
Asai, A., Yokoyama, T., Shimojo, M., Masuda, S., Kurokawa, H., Shibata, K.: Flare ribbon expansion and energy release rate. ApJ 611 (2004) 557
Bogachev, S.A., Somov, B.V., Kosugi, T., Sakao, T.: The motions of the hard X-ray sources in solar flares: images and statistics. ApJ 630 (2005) 561
Sui, L., Holman, G.D.: Evidence for the formation of a large-scale current sheet in a solar flare. ApJL 596 (2003) L251
Sui, L., Holman, G.D., Dennis, B.R.: Evidence for magnetic reconnection in three homologous solar flares observed by RHESSI. ApJ 612 (2004) 546
Somov, B.V.: Cosmic plasma physics. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000. Astrophysics and space science library; v. 251 (2000)
Veronig, A., et al.: X-ray sources and magnetic reconnection in the X3.9 flare of 2003 November 3. aap (2006)
Forbes, T.G.: A review on the genesis of coronal mass ejections. JGR 105 (2000) 23, 153
Hudson, H.S.: Implosions in coronal transients. ApJl 531 (2000) L75
Masuda, S., Kosugi, T., Hara, H., Tsuneta, S., Ogawara, Y.: A loop-top hard X-ray source in a compact solar flare as evidence for magnetic reconnection. Nature 371 (1994) 495
Lin, R.P., Krucker, S., Hurford, G.J., Smith, D.M., Hudson, H.S., Holman, G.D., Schwartz, R.A., Dennis, B.R., Share, G.H., Murphy, R.J., Emslie, A.G., Johns-Krull, C., Vilmer, N.: RHESSI observations of particle acceleration and energy release in an intense solar gamma-ray line flare. ApJL 595 (2003) L69
Veronig, A.M., Brown, J.C.: A coronal thick-target interpretation of two hard X-ray loop events. ApJl 603 (2004) L117
Wheatland, M.S., Melrose, D.B.: Interpreting Yohkoh hard and soft X-ray flare observations. Solar Phys 158 (1995) 283
Fletcher, L., Martens, P.C.H.: A model for hard X-ray emission from the top of flaring loops. ApJ 505 (1998) 418
Dauphin, C., Vilmer, N., Lüthi, T., Trottet, G., Krucker, S., Magun, A.: Modulations of broad-band radio continua and X-ray emissions in the large X-ray flare on 3 November 2003. Advances in Space Research 35 (2005) 1805
Qiu, J., Lee, J., Gary, D.E.: Impulsive and gradual nonthermal emissions in an X-class flare. ApJ 603 (2004) 335
Croom, D.L.: Solar millimeter bursts. In: CESRA-2, Committee of European Solar Radio Astronomers. (1971) 85
Kaufmann, P., Raulin, J., de Castro, C.G.G., Levato, H., Gary, D.E., Costa, J.E.R., Marun, A., Pereyra, P., Silva, A.V.R., Correia, E.: A new solar burst spectral component emitting only in the terahertz range. ApJl 603 (2004) L121
Lüthi, T., Magun, A., Miller, M.: First observation of a solar X-class flare in the submillimeter range with KOSMA. AAp 415 (2004) 1123
Hudson, H.S.: The solar-flare infrared continuum - Observational techniques and upper limits. Solar Phys 45 (1975) 69
Lüthi, T., Lüdi, A., Magun, A.: Determination of the location and effective angular size of solar flares with a 210 GHz multibeam radiometer. AAp 420 (2004) 361
Ohki, K., Hudson, H.S.: The solar-flare infrared continuum. Solar Phys 43 (1975) 405
Share, G.H., Murphy, R.J., Smith, D.M., Schwartz, R.A., Lin, R.P.: RHESSI e+-e- Annihilation radiation observations: implications for conditions in the flaring solar chromosphere. ApJL 615 (2004) L169
Xu, Y., Cao, W., Liu, C., Yang, G., Qiu, J., Jing, J., Denker, C., Wang, H.: Near-infrared observations at 1.56μ of the 2003 October 29 X10 white-light flare. ApJl 607 (2004) L131
Lingenfelter, R.E., Ramaty, R.: On the origin of solar flare microwave radio bursts. PSS 15 (1967) 1303
Raulin, J.P., Kaufmann, P., Olivieri, R., Correia, E., Makhmutov, V.S., Magun, A.: Time and space distribution of discrete energetic releases in millimeter-wave solar bursts. ApJl 498 (1998) L173
Leibacher, J.W., Harvey, J.W., Kopp, G., Hudson, H., GONG Team: Remarkable low-temperature emission of the 4 November 2003 limb flare. American Astronomical Society Meeting 204 (2004)
Dauphin, C., Vilmer, N., Krucker, S.: Observations of soft X-ray rising loops associated with a type II and CME emission in the large X-ray flare on 3 November 2003. AAp (2006)
Khan, J.I., Vilmer, N., Saint-Hilaire, P., Benz, A.O.: The solar coronal origin of a slowly drifting decimetric-metric pulsation structure. AAp 388 (2002) 363
Klein, K.L., Trottet, G.: The Origin of solar energetic particle events: coronal acceleration versus shock wave acceleration}. Space Science Reviews 95 (2001) 215
Emslie, A.G., Dennis, B.R., Holman, G.D., Hudson, H.S.: Refinements to flare energy estimates: A followup to “Energy partition in two solar flare/CME events” by A.G. Emslie et al. Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics) 110 (2005) 11, 103
Ramaty, R., Mandzhavidze, N., Kozlovsky, B., Murphy, R.J.: Solar atmopheric abundances and energy content in flare-accelerated Ions from γ-ray spectroscopy. ApJl 455 (1995) L193
Klein, K.L., Schwartz, R.A., McTiernan, J.M., Trottet, G., Klassen, A., Lecacheux, A.: An upper limit of the number and energy of electrons accelerated at an extended coronal shock wave. AAp 409 (2003) 317
Brown, J.C., Hoyng, P.: Betatron acceleration in a large solar hard X-ray burst. ApJ 200 (1975) 734
Karlický, M., Kosugi, T.: Acceleration and heating processes in a collapsing magnetic trap. AAp 419 (2004) 1159
Giuliani, P., Neukirch, T., Wood, P.: Particle motion in collapsing magnetic traps in solar flares. I. kinematic theory of collapsing magnetic traps. ApJ 635 (2005) 636
Piana, M., Massone, A.M., Kontar, E.P., Emslie, A.G., Brown, J.C., Schwartz, R.A.: Regularized electron flux spectra in the 2002 July 23 solar flare. ApJL 595 (2003) L127
Kontar, E.P., Emslie, A.G., Piana, M., Massone, A.M., Brown, J.C.: Determination of electron flux spectra in a solar flare with an augmented regularization method: Application to RHESSI data. Solar Phys 226 (2005) 317
Hamilton, B., McClements, K.G., Fletcher, L., Thyagaraja, A.: Field-guided proton acceleration at reconnecting X-points in flares. Solar Phys 214 (2003) 339
Hamilton, B., Fletcher, L., McClements, K.G., Thyagaraja, A.: Electron acceleration at reconnecting X-points in solar flares. ApJ 625 (2005) 496
Dalla, S., Browning, P.K.: Particle acceleration at a three-dimensional reconnection site in the solar corona. AAp 436 (2005) 1103
Efthymiopoulos, C., Gontikakis, C., Anastasiadis, A.: Particle dynamics in 3-D reconnecting current sheets in the solar atmosphere. AAp 443 (2005) 663
Zharkova, V.V., Gordovskyy, M.: Particle acceleration asymmetry in a reconnecting nonneutral current sheet. ApJ 604 (2004) 884
Hurford, G.J., Schwartz, R.A., Krucker, S., Lin, R.P., Smith, D.M., Vilmer, N.: First γ-ray images of a solar flare. ApJl 595 (2003) L77
Miller, J.A., Cargill, P.J., Emslie, A.G., Holman, G.D., Dennis, B.R., LaRosa, T.N., Winglee, R.M., Benka, S.G., Tsuneta, S.: Critical issues for understanding particle acceleration in impulsive solar flares. JGR 102 (1997) 14, 631
Mel’nikov, V.F., Reznikova, V.E., Yokoyama, T., Shibasaki, K.: Spectral dynamics of mildly relativistic electrons in extended flaring loops. In: ESA SP-506: Solar Variability: From Core to Outer Frontiers. (2002) 339
White, S.M., Krucker, S., Shibasaki, K., Yokoyama, T., Shimojo, M., Kundu, M.R.: Radio and hard X-ray images of high-energy electrons in an X-class solar flare. ApJl 595 (2003) L111
Fleishman, G.D., Mel’nikov, V.F.: Optically thick gyrosynchrotron emission from anisotropic electron distributions. ApJ 584 (2003) 1071
Fleishman, G.D., Mel’nikov, V.F.: Gyrosynchrotron emission from anisotropic electron distributions. ApJ 587 (2003) 823
Trottet, G., Vilmer, N., Barat, C., Benz, A., Magun, A., Kuznetsov, A., Sunyaev, R., Terekhov, O.: A multiwavelength analysis of an electron-dominated gamma-ray event associated with a disk solar flare. AAp 334 (1998) 1099
Vilmer, N., Trottet, G., Barat, C., Schwartz, R.A., Enome, S., Kuznetsov, A., Sunyaev, R., Terekhov, O.: Hard X-ray and γ-ray observations of an electron-dominated event associated with an occulted solar flare. AAp 342 (1999) 575
Smith, D.M., Share, G.H., Murphy, R.J., Schwartz, R.A., Shih, A.Y., Lin, R.P.: High-resolution spectroscopy of γ-ray lines from the X-class solar flare of 2002 July 23. ApJl 595 (2003) L81
Share, G.H., Murphy, R.J., Skibo, J.G., Smith, D.M., Hudson, H.S., Lin, R.P., Shih, A.Y., Dennis, B.R., Schwartz, R.A., Kozlovsky, B.: High-resolution observation of the solar positron-electron annihilation line. ApJL 595 (2003) L85
White, S.M.: Radio measurements of coronal magnetic fields. In: ESA SP-596: Chromospheric and Coronal Magnetic Fields. (2005)
Huang, G., Zhou, A., Su, Y., Zhang, J.: Calculations of the low-cutoff energy of non-thermal electrons in solar microwave and hard X-ray bursts. New Astronomy 10 (2005) 219
Bastian, T.S., Benz, A.O., Gary, D.E.: Radio emission from solar flares. ARAA 36 (1998) 131
Toner, M.P., MacKinnon, A.L.: Do fast protons and α particles have the same energy distributions in solar flares? Solar Phys 223 (2004) 155
Klein, K.L.: Microwave radiation from a dense magneto-active plasma. AAp 183 (1987) 341
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hudson, H., Vilmer, N. (2007). Small Scale Energy Release and the Acceleration and Transport of Energetic Particles. In: Klein, KL., MacKinnon, A.L. (eds) The High Energy Solar Corona: Waves, Eruptions, Particles. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 725. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71570-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71570-2_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-71569-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-71570-2
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)