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Epidemiology of Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus, Gastric Cardia, and Upper Gastric Third

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Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagogastric Junction

Part of the book series: Recent Results in Cancer Research ((RECENTCANCER,volume 182))

Abstract

The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction (gastric cardia) has risen rapidly over the past three decades in the United States and northern Europe. This increase had been most dramatic among White males. The majority of these cancers arise from Barrett’s esophagus. However, less than 10% of the patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma were known to have Barrett’s esophagus before. Current evidence indicates that gastroesophageal reflux and obesity are major risk factors for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Abdominal obesity, more prevalent in males, and independent of body mass index, seems to be associated with an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma but not of cardia adenocarcinoma. This observation may explain the high male:female ratio observed in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Tobacco use has also been found as a possible risk factor for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia. Infection with Helicobacter pylori and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs might reduce the risk. On the other hand, low intake of fruits, vegetables, and cereal fibers seem to increase the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Currently, there is no evidence that strongly supports any specific strategy to screen a subgroup of the population at risk for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or esophagogastric junction. Future strategies to decrease obesity and tobacco use might help to reduce the burden of esophageal adenocarcinoma at least partially.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital Universitari del Mar. IMIM – Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Passeig Marítim 25-29, Barcelona, 08003, Spain

    Manuel Pera

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  1. Manuel Vial
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  2. Luis Grande
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  3. Manuel Pera
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Correspondence to Manuel Pera .

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  1. Klinik für Viszeral- und, Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistr. 100, Zürich, 8091, Switzerland

    Paul M. Schneider

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Vial, M., Grande, L., Pera, M. (2009). Epidemiology of Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus, Gastric Cardia, and Upper Gastric Third. In: Schneider, P. (eds) Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagogastric Junction. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 182. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70579-6_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70579-6_1

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