Skip to main content

HOPS: A Prototypical Specification Tool for Interactive Systems

  • Conference paper

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 5136))

Abstract

This article suggests higher-order processes as a formal framework to model interactive systems and supplies a corresponding prototypical specifi cation tool (HOPS). Processes and their components reflect the recursive nature of interaction. Each component is an independent process itself. Though higher-level processes specify the interaction between their components they do not fully control them. HOPS offers a unified description of behavioral and structural aspects. Structured sets of sub-processes (e.g. hierarchies) serve to represent specific domains of interest within a process. Operations are the smallest units for analyzing and designing behavior. However, they can be unfolded to processes and vice versa. This supports an understanding of interactive systems as open and nonmonotonic systems. Their composition/ decomposition may exhibit unpredictable behavior. It is shown that the approach follows the interaction paradigm more closely than existing modeling approaches in HCI. Possible usage scenarios are given.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Wegner, P.: Why interaction is more powerful than algorithms. Comm. ACM 40(5) (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Dittmar, A., Forbrig, P.: A unified description formalism for complex HCI-systems. In: Proc. of SEFM 2005. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Barnard, P., May, J., Duke, D., Duce, D.: Systems, Interactions and Macrotheory. ACM Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction 7, 222–262 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Dix, A.: Upside-Down ∀s and Algorithms - Computational Formalisms and Theory. In: Carroll, J. (ed.) HCI Models, Theories, and Frameworks - Toward a Multidisciplinary Science, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Dittmar, A., Forbrig, P.: The Influence of Improved Task Models on Dialogues. In: Proc. of CADUI 2004. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Dittmar, A., Forbrig, P.: Higher-Order Task Models. In: Jorge, J.A., Jardim Nunes, N., Falcão e Cunha, J. (eds.) DSV-IS 2003. LNCS, vol. 2844. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Dittmar, A., Gellendin, A., Forbrig, P.: Requirements Elicitation and Elaboration in Task-Based Design Needs More Than Task Modelling: A Case Study. In: Coninx, K., Luyten, K., Schneider, K.A. (eds.) TAMODIA 2006. LNCS, vol. 4385. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Johnson, P.: Human computer interaction: psychology, task analysis, and software engineering. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Paterno, F., Mancini, C., Meniconi, S.: ConcurTaskTrees: A notation for specifying task models. In: Proc. of INTERACT 1997 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Veer, G.C., van der Lenting, B.F., Bergevoet, B.A.J.: GTA: Groupware Task Analysis - Modeling Complexity. Acta Psychologica 91, 297–322 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Alexander, H.: Executable Specifications as an Aid to Dialogue Design. In: Proc. of INTERACT 1987. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Sufrin, B., He, J.: Specification, analysis and refinement of interactive processes. In: Harrison, M.D., Thimbleby, H. (eds.) Formal Methods in Human-Computer Interaction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Abowd, G.D.: Formal Aspects of Human-Computer Interaction. PhD thesis, Oxford University Computing Laboratory (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Paterno, F.: Model-Based Design and Evaluation of Interactive Applications. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Luyten, K., Clerckx, T., Coninx, K., Vanderdonckt, J.: Derivation of a Dialog Model from a Tasl Model by Activity Chain Extraction. In: Jorge, J.A., Jardim Nunes, N., Falcão e Cunha, J. (eds.) DSV-IS 2003. LNCS, vol. 2844. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Calvary, G., Coutaz, J., Thevenin, D.: A Unifying Reference Framework for the Development of Plastic User Interfaces. In: Nigay, L., Little, M.R. (eds.) EHCI 2001. LNCS, vol. 2254. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Hoare, C.A.R.: Communicating Sequential Processes. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1985)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Milner, R.: Communication and Concurrency. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1989)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Engeström, Y.: Learning by Expanding: An Activity-Theoretical Approach to Development Research. PhD thesis, Orienta-Konsultit Oy, Helsinki (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Dourish, P.: Where the Action Is. MIT Press, Cambridge (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Kaptelinin, V., Nardi, B.A.: Acting with technology: activity theory and interaction design. MIT Press, Cambridge (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Vygotsky, L.: Thought and Language. The MIT Press, Cambridge (1934/1986)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Coutaz, J.: PAC: An Object Oriented Model For Implementing User Interfaces. SIGCHI Bull. 19(2) (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Chatty, S.: Programs = data + algorithms + architecture: Consequences for interactive software. In: Proc. of the 2007 joint conference on Engineering Interactive Software. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

T. C. Nicholas Graham Philippe Palanque

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Dittmar, A., Hübner, T., Forbrig, P. (2008). HOPS: A Prototypical Specification Tool for Interactive Systems. In: Graham, T.C.N., Palanque, P. (eds) Interactive Systems. Design, Specification, and Verification. DSV-IS 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5136. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70569-7_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70569-7_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-70568-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-70569-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics