An abnormality involving the genitourinary tract is detected in 1 in 50 to 1 in 100 pregnancies, depending on the sonographic criteria. The goal of management is to recognize and treat congenital anomalies that may adversely affect renal function or cause urinary infection or sepsis. Most structural abnormalities of the urinary tract are characterized by hydronephrosis, which generally is assumed to be obstructive. However, hydronephrosis is not often caused by obstruction; examples include vesicoureteral refl ux, multicystic kidney, and certain abnormalities of the ureteropelvic and ureterovesical junction.
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Elder, J.S. (2009). Management of Prenatal Hydronephrosis. In: Puri, P., Höllwarth, M. (eds) Pediatric Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69560-8_84
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