Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Reference
Cardinali G, Ceccarelli S, Kovacs D et al (2005) Keratinocyte growth factor promotes melanosome transfer to keratino-cytes. J Invest Dermatol 125:1190–1199
Cardinali G, Bolasco G, Aspite N et al (2008) Melanosome transfer promoted by keratinocyte growth factor in light and dark skin-derived keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 128:558–567
Cario-André M, Pain C, Gauthier Y et al (2006) In vivo and in vitro evidence of dermal fibroblasts influence on human epidermal pigmentation. Pigment Cell Res 19:434–442
Ezoe K, Holmes SA, Ho L et al (1995) Novel mutations and deletions of the KIT (steel factor receptor) gene in human piebaldism. Am J Hum Genet 56:58–66
Fitzpatrick TB, Breatnach AS (1963) The epidermal melanin unit system. Dermatol Wochenschr 147:481–489
Fitzpatrick TB, Szabo G, Seji M et al (1979) Biology of melanin pigmentary system. In: Fitzpatrick TB, Eisen A, WolffK, Freedberg I, Austen K (eds) Dermatology in general Medicine. McGraw-Hill, New York
Funasaka Y, Boulton T, Cobb M et al (1992) Kit-kinase induces a cascade of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in normal human melanocytes in response to mast cell growth factor and stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase but is down-regulated in melanomas. Mol Biol Cell 3:197–209
Giebel LB, Spritz RA (1991) Mutation of the KIT (mast/ stem-cell growth factor receptor) protooncogene in human piebaldism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:8696–8699
Gordon PR, Mansur CP, Gilchrest BA (1989) Regulation of human melanocyte growth, dendricity, and melaniza-tion by keratinocytes derived factors. J Invest Dermatol 92:565–572
Hattori H, Kawashima M, Ichikawa Y et al (2004) The epidermal stem cell factor is over-expressed in lentigo senilis: implication for the mechanism of hyperpigmentation. J Invest Dermatol 122:1256–1265
Imokawa G, Kobayashi T, Miyagishi M et al (1997) The role of endothelin-1 in epidermal hyperpigmentation and signalling mechanisms of mitogenesis and melanogenesis. Pigment Cell Res 10:218–228
Moretti S, Massi D, Baroni G et al (2005) Imbalance of cytokine transcripts in non segmental vitiligo. Pigment Cell Res 18(suppl 1):72
Norris A, Todd C, Graham A et al (1996) The expression of the c-kit receptor by epidermal melanocytes may be reduced in vitiligo. Br J Dermatol 134:299–306
Sakamoto A, Yanagisawa M, Sakurai T et al (1991) Cloning and functional expression of human cDNA for the ETB endothe-lin receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 178:656–663
Valyi-Nagy IT, Murphy GF, Mancianti ML et al (1990) Phenotypes and interactions of human melanocytes and kera-tinocytes in an epidermal reconstruction model. Lab Invest 62:314–324
Birol A, Kisa U, Kara F et al (2006) Increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) levels in the lesional skin of patients with nonsegmental viti-ligo. Int J Dermatol 45:992–993
Bondanza S, Maurelli R, Paterna P et al (2007) Keratinocyte cultures from involved skin in vitiligo patients show an impaired in vitro behaviour. Pigment Cell Res 20:288–300
Dell'Anna ML, Picardo M (2006) A review and a new hypothesis for non immunological pathogenetic mechanism in viti-ligo. Pigment Cell Res 19:406–411
Grimes PE, Morris R, Avaniss-Aghajani E et al (2004) Topical tacrolimus therapy for vitiligo: therapeutical responses and skin messenger RNA expression of proinflammatory cytok-ines. J Am Acad Dermatol 51:52–61
Haycock JW, Rowe SJ, Cartledge S et al (2000) a-Melanocyte stimulating hormone reduces impact of proinflammatory cytokine and peroxide-generated oxidative stress on keratino-cytes and melanoma cell lines. J Biol Chem 275:15629–15636
Hsu H, Shu HB, Pan MG et al (1996) TRADD-TRAF2 and TRADD-FADD interactions define two distinct TNF receptor 1 signal transduction pathways. Cell 84:299–308
Kim NH, Jeon S, Lee HJ, Lee AY (2007) Impaired PI3K/Akt activation-mediated NF-kB inactivation under elevated TNF-a is more vulnerable to apoptosis in vitiliginous kera-tinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 127:2612–2617
Kitamura R, Tsukamoto K, Harada K et al (2004) Mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of melanocytes in vitiligo epidermis: role of SCF/KIT protein interactions and its downstream effector, MITF-M. J Pathol 202:463–475
Lan CCE, Chen GS, Chiou MH et al (2005) FK506 promotes melanocyte and melanoblst growth and creates a favourable milieu for cell migration via keratinocytes: possible mechanisms of how tacrolimus ointment induces repigmentation in patients with vitiligo. Br J Dermatol 153:498–505
Lee AY, Youm YH, Kim NH et al (2004) Keratinocytes in the depigmented epidermis of vitiligo are more vulnerable to trauma (suction) the keratinocytes in the normally pig-mented epidermis, resulting in their apoptosis. Br J Dermatol 151:995–1003
Lee AY, Kim NH, Choi WI et al (2005) Less keratinocyte-derived factors related to more keratinocyte apoptosis in depigmented than normally pigmented suction-blisterd epidermis may cause passive melanocyte death in vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 124:976–983
Martinez-Esparza M, Jimenez-Cervantes C, Solano F et al (1998) Mechanisms of melanogenesis inhibition by tumor necrosis factor-a in B16/F10 mouse melanoma cells. Eur J Biochem 255:139–146
May MJ, Ghosh S (1998) Signal transduction through NF-kappa B. Immunol Today 19:80–88
Morelli JG, Norris DA (1993) Influence of inflammatory mediators and cytokines on human melanocytes function. J Invest Dermatol 100(suppl):191S–195S
Moretti S, Spallanzani A, Amato L et al (2002) Vitiligo and epidermal microenvironment: possibile involvement of kera-tinocyte-derived cytokines. Arch Dermatol 138:273–274
Moretti S, Spallanzani A, Amato L et al (2002) New insights into the pathogenesis of vitiligo: imbalance of epidermal cytokines at sites of lesions. Pigment Cell Res 15:87–92
Moretti S, Massi D, Baroni G et al (2005) Imbalance of cytokine transcripts in non segmental vitiligo. Pigment Cell Res 18(suppl 1):72
Okazaki M, Yoshimura K, Uchida G et al (2005) Correlation between age and the secretions of melanocyte-stimulating cytokines in cultures keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Brit J Dermatol 153(suppl 2):23–29
Swope VB, Abdel-Malek Z, Kassem LM et al (1991) Interleukin 1α and 6 and tumor necrosis factor -α are para-crine inhibitors of human melanocyte proliferation and mel-anogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 96:180–185
Amae S, Fuse N, Yasumoto K et al (1998) Identification of a novel isoform of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor that is enriched in retinal pigment epithelium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 247:710–715
Fuse N, Yasumoto K, Suzuki H et al (1996) Identification of a melanocyte-type promoter of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 219:702–707
Fuse N, Yasumoto K, Takeda K et al (1999) Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding a novel microphthalmia-associated transcription factor isoform with a distinct amino-terminus. J Biochem 126:1043–1051
Gauthier Y, Cario-André M, Taieb A (2003) A critical appraisal of vitiligo etiologic theories. Is melanocyte loss a melanocytorrhagy?. Pigment Cell Res 16:322–332
Hachiya A, Kobayashi A, Ohuchi A et al (2001) The para-crine role of stem cell factor/c-kit signaling in the activation of human melanocytes in ultraviolet B-induced pigmentation. J Invest Dermatol 116:578–586
Hemesath TJ, Price ER, Takemoto C et al (1998) MAP kinase links the transcription factor Microphthalmia to c-Kit signalling in melanocytes. Nature 391:298–301
Hou L, Panthier JJ, Arnheiter H (2000) Signaling and tran-scriptional regulation in the neural crest-derived melanocyte lineage: interactions between KIT and MITF. Development. 127:5379–5389
Jimenez-Cervantes C, Martinez-Esparza M, Perez C et al (2001) Inhibition of melanogenesis in response to oxidative stress: transient downregulation of melanocyte differentiation markers and possible involvement of microphthalmia transcription factor. J Cell Sci 114:2335–2344
Jin SK, Nishimura KE, Akasaka E et al (2009) Epistatic connections between MITF and endothelin signaling in Waardenburg syndrome and other pigmentary disorders. FASEB J
Kitamura R, Tsukamoto K, Harada K et al (2004) Mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of melanocytes in vitiligo epidermis: role of SCF/KIT protein interactions and its downstream effector, MITF-M. J Pathol 202:463–475
Maresca V, Roccella M, Roccella F et al (1997) Increased sensitivity to peroxidative agents as a possible pathogenic factor of melanocyte damage in vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 109:310–313
McGill GG, Horstmann M, Widlund HR et al (2002) Bcl2 regulation by the melanocyte master regulator Mitf modulates lineage survival and melanoma cell viability. Cell 109:707–718
Mochii M, Mazaki Y, Mizuno N et al (1998) Role of Mitf in differentiation and transdifferentiation of chicken pigmented epithelial cell. Dev Biol 193:47–62
Oboki K, Morii E, Kataoka TR et al (2002) Isoforms of mi transcription factor preferentially expressed in cultured mast cells of mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 290:1250–1254
Sakamoto A, Yanagisawa M, Sakurai T et al (1991) Cloning and functional expression of human cDNA for the ETB endothelin receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 178:656–663
Schallreuter KU, Wood JM, Berger J (1991) Low catalase levels in the epidermis of patients with vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 97:1081–1085
Takeda K, Yasumoto K, Kawaguchi N et al (2002) Mitf-D, a newly identified isoform, expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium and monocyte-lineage cells affected by Mitf mutations. Biochim Biophys Acta 1574:15–23
Udono T, Yasumoto K, Takeda K et al (2000) Structural organization of the human microphthalmia-associated transcription factor gene containing four alternative promoters. Biochim Biophys Acta 1491:205–219
Wu M, Hemesath TJ, Takemoto CM et al (2000) c-Kit triggers dual phosphorylations, which couple activation and degradation of the essential melanocyte factor Mi. Genes Dev 14:301–312
Xu W, Gong L, Haddad MM et al (2000) Regulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor MITF protein levels by association with the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme hUBC9. Exp Cell Res 255:135–143
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Imokawa, G. et al. (2010). Cytokines and Growth Factors. In: Picardo, M., Taïeb, A. (eds) Vitiligo. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69361-1_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69361-1_29
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-69360-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-69361-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)