Reading between the Lines: Knowledge for Natural Resource Management

Abstract

There are a number of spatial models available to support natural resource management decision making, however which one is best suited to answering the question at hand? Specific tools and approaches have various data, information and knowledge requirements. In this chapter the concept of the knowledge hierarchy (Ackoff 1989) is used to explain the dimensions of modelling and planning. This hierarchy is important as it provides a sound theoretical basis from which scientists and modellers can better relate to the planners and policy makers. To facilitate a better relationship between science and decision making, Steinitz’s (1960) landscape decision framework provides a basis for linking six levels of questions and models. In conclusion, natural resource managers and planners need to better utilise spatial models to simplify and better understand complex phenomena, and utilise communication tools such as landscape visualisation to improve discipline integration. There is an urgent need to bring together expertise in the fields of natural resource management so that scenarios for change can be explored and critical decisions concerning our natural resources can be made based on collective wisdom.