Abstract
Active optics methods were originally applied to the figuring of refractive Schmidt correctors. Further developments followed with the development of reflective correctors and reflective-diffractive correctors. The various ways to obtain each of the three corrector types are different.
-
1.
The methods developed for refractive plate correctors have been called elastic relaxation figuring or more commonly stress figuring.
-
2.
Two different methods are practicable for obtaining reflective correctors, namely stress figuring and in-situ stressing.
-
3.
Starting from a plane or a spherical grating, there are also two methods of obtaining reflective aspherized gratings: duplication on an active submaster and then stressing and second duplication (more commonly used), or simple duplication and stressing.
The main feature of these methods is the inherent smoothness of the aspherized surface that is obtained directly from spherical or plane surfaces. This avoids the high spatial frequency errors which are a signature of the classical zonal retouch process. Active optics methods allow obtaining telescopes and astronomical instruments of the highest intrinsic image quality.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
O. Boulade, G.R. Lemaitre, L. Vigroux, UV prime focus spectrograph for the CFHT, Astron. Astrophys. 163, 301–306 (1986)
G.H. Bryan, see Love: Theory of Elasticity, Dover edt. and Timoshenko & Woinowsky-Krieger: Theory of Plates and Shells, McGraw-Hill edt., New York 310 (1959)
H. Chrétien, Le Calcul des Combinaisons Optiques, Sennac Edit., Paris, 346–350 (1958)
B.A.J. Clark, Journ. Astron. Soc. Victoria, Australia, 17, 65–68 (1964)
M. Cohendet, Laboratoire d’Astronomie Spatiale, LAS report Opt-FAUST-011 (1972)
A. Couder, Sur l’exécution [par élasticité] des surfaces optiques non sphériques: application au télescope de Schmidt, C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris, 210, 327–329 (1940)
G. Courtès, P. Cruvellier, M. Detaille, M. Saïsse, Progress in Optics, XX, E. Wolf edt., North-Holland, 1–61 (1983)
E. Everhart, Making corrector plates by Schmidt’s vacuum method, Appl. Opt., 5(5), 713–715 (1966)
C. Fehrenbach, Des hommes, des télescopes, des étoiles, CNRS edt., 299 (1990) and 2nd issue with complements, Vuibert edt. (2007)
R.N. Haward, The Strength of Plastics and Glass, Interscience Publ., New York, 51 (1965)
G.R. Lemaitre, Sur les dioptres asphériques de révolution en optique astronomique, C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris, 270 Série A, 266–269 (1970)
G.R. Lemaitre, French patent No 2097216 (1972), US patent No 3693301 (1972)
G.R. Lemaitre, New procedure for making Schmidt corrector plates, Appl. Opt. 11(7), 1630–1636 (1972), and 11(10), 2264 (1972)
G.R. Lemaitre, Sur les diotres aphériques en optique astronomique, C. R. Acad. Sc., Paris, 276 Série B, 145–148 (1973)
G.R. Lemaitre, Asphérisation par élasticité d’une lame de 50 cm pour le télescope de Schmidt de l’Observatoire de Lyon, Astron. Astrophys. 44(2), 305–313 (1975)
G.R. Lemaitre, Reflective Schmidt anastigmat telescopes and pseudo-flat made by elasticity, Journ. Opt. Soc. Am., 66(12), 1334–1340 (1976)
G.R. Lemaitre, J. Flamand, Spectrographic development of diffraction gratings aspherized by elastic relaxation, Astron. Astrophys., 59(2), 249–253 (1977)
G.R. Lemaitre, Asphérisation par relaxation élastique de miroirs astronomiques dont le contour circulaire ou elliptique est encastré ou semi-encastré, C. R. Acad. Sc., Paris, 290 Série B, 171–174 (1981)
G.R. Lemaitre, Combinaisons optiques à réseaux asphériques: Le spectrographe UV-Prime CFHT, Astron. Astrophys. Letters, 103(2), L14–L16 (1981)
G.R. Lemaitre, Un spectrographe à réseau asphérique pour télescope f/4, in Instrumentation for Astronomy with Large Optical telescopes, C.M. Humphries edt., Reidel Publ. Co., 137–141 (1982)
G.R. Lemaitre, L. Vigroux, All-reflective aspherized grating spectrographs at the prime focus of the CFHT, Instrumentation for Ground-based Astronomy, L.B. Robinson ed., Springer-Verlag, New York, 275–295 (1987)
G.R. Lemaitre, D. Kohler, All-reflective aspherized grating spectrographs: MARLY spectrographs of the Haute-Provence and Nanjing observatories, C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris, 308 II, 381–387 (1989)
G.R. Lemaitre, D. Kohler, D. Lacroix, J.-P. Meunier, A. Vin, All reflective aspherized grating spectrographs for Haute-Provence and Nanjing observatories: MARLYs and CARELEC, Astron. Astrophys., 228, 546–558 (1990)
G.R. Lemaitre, E.H. Richardson, Ground-based and orbital off-axis aspherized grating imagerspectrographs: ISARD/Pic-du-Midi and OSIRIS/ODIN, in Optical Astronomical Instrumentation, Kona, SPIE Proc., 3355, 682–695 (1998).
G.R. Lemaitre, Active optics and aberration correction with multimode deformable mirrors (MDMs) - Vase form and meniscus form, in Laser Optics 2003: Wavefront Transformation and Laser Beam Control, St. Petersburg, SPIE Proc. 5481, 70–81 (2004)
A.E.H. Love, Theory of Elasticity, Dover edt., Dover 484 (1927)
G. Monnet, R. Zaharia, G.R. Lemaitre, Programme Spatial FAUST du Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, LAS/CNES report FAUST-PJ-02-70 (1970)
S.D. Poisson, Mémoires Acad. Sci., Paris, VIII, 357–627 (1829)
The Springfield science museum team, Appl. Opt., 11, 222–225 (1972)
S.P. Timoshenko, S. Woinowsky-Krieger, Theory of Plates and Shells, McGraw-Hill edt.,(a: p. 310), (b: p. 468), (1959)
Y.-t. Zhu, G.R. Lemaitre, LAMOST multi-object spectrographs with aspherized gratings, in Instrument Design for Ground-based Telescopes, SPIE Proc. 4841, 1127–1133 (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lemaitre, G. (2009). Schmidt Correctors and Diffraction Gratings Aspherized by Active Optics. In: Astronomical Optics and Elasticity Theory. Astronomy and Astrophysics Library. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68905-8_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68905-8_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-68904-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-68905-8
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)