Abstract
The vertebral column is the most common site for bony metastases in patients with systemic malignancy, and metastatic lesions are the most common tumors of the spine (Harrington 1986). Patients with metastatic spinal tumors may present with pain (most common clinical presentation), neurologic deficit or both. Some tumors on the other hand are asymptomatic and are detected during screening examinations. Treatment options include chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, steroids, surgery, radiation and combinations thereof.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Algra PR, Bloem JL, Verboom LJ et al. (1991a) MRI vs scintigraphy in the detection of vertebral metastases. Radiographics 11:219–232
Algra PR, Bloem JH, Valk J (1991b) Loss of visibility of the basivertebral vein: a new MR sign of diffuse bone marrow disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 157:1129–1130
Algra PR, Heimans JJ, Valk J et al. (1992) Do metastases begin in the body or pedicle? Imaging study in 45 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 158:1275–1279
Andreula C, Murrone M (2005) Metastatic disease of the spine. Eur Radiol 15:627–632
Baur A, Stäbler A, Bartl R et al. (1997) MRI gadolinium enhancement of bone marrow: age related changes in normals and in diffuse neoplastic infiltration. Skeletal Radiol 26:414–418
Baur A, Stäbler A, Bruning R et al. (1998) Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of bone marrow: differentiation of benign versus pathologic compression fractures. Radiology 207:349–356
Baur A, Huber A, Ertl-Wagner B et al. (2001) Diagnostic value increased diffusion weighting of a steady-state free precession sequence for differentiating acute benign osteoporotic fractures from pathologic vertebral compression fractures. Am J Neuroradiol 22:366–372
Baur A, Stäbler A, Arbogast S, Duerr HR, Bartl R, Reiser M (2002) Acute osteoporotic and neoplastic vertebral compression fractures: fluid sign at MR imaging. Radiology 225:730–735
Baur A, Dietrich O, Reiser M (2003) Diffusion weighted imaging of bone marrow. Eur Radiol 13:1699–1708
Buyukdereli G, Ermin T, Kara O, Kibar M (2006) Tc-99m MIBI uptake in traumatic vertebral fractures and metastatic vertebral lesions: comparison with Tc-99m MDP. Adv Ther 23:33–8
Byun WM, Shin, SO, Chang Y et al. (2002) Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of metastatic disease of the spine: assessment of response to therapy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 23:906–912
Castillo M, Arbelaez A, Smith JK, Fisher LL (2000) Diffusion weighted MR imaging offers no advantage over routine noncontrast MR imaging in the detection of vertebral metastases. Am J Neuroradiol 21:948–953
Cuenod CA, Laredo JD, Cheveret S et al. (1996) Acute vertebral collapse due to osteoporosis or malignancy: appearance on unenhanced and gadolinium-enhanced MR images. Radiology 199:541–549
Daldrup-Link HE, Franzius C, Link TM et al. (2001) Whole body MR imaging for detection of bone metastases in children and young adults: comparison with skeletal scintigraphy and FDG PET. AJR Am J Roentgenol 177:229–236
Disler DG, McCauley TR, Ratner LM, Kesack CD, Cooper JA (1997) In-phase and out-of-phase MR imaging of bone marrow: prediction of neoplasia based on the detection of coexistent fat and water. AJR Am J Roentgenol 169:1439–1447
Eustace S, Tello R, DeCarvalho V et al. (1997) A comparison of whole body turbo STIR MR imaging and planar 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate scintigraphy in the examination of patients with suspected skeletal metastases. AJR Am J Roentgenol 169:1655–1661
Harrington KD (1986) Metastatic disease of the spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am 68:1110–1115
Jung HS, Jee WHJ, McCauley TR et al. (2003) Discrimination of metastatic from acute osteoporotic compression spinal fractures with MR imaging. Radiographics 23:179–187
Kienstra GE, Terwee CB, Dekker FW, Canta lR, Borstlap AC, Tijssen JG (2000) Prediction of spinal epidural metastases. Arch Neurol 57:690–695
Kuisma M, Karppinen J, Niinimäki J, Kurunlahti M, Haapea M, Vanharanta H, Tervonen O (2006) A three-year follow-up of lumbar spine endplate (Modic) changes. Spine 31:1714–1718
Laredo JD, Lakhdari K, Bellaïche L et al. (1995) Acute vertebral collapse: CT findings in benign and malignant nontraumatic cases. Radiology 194:41–48
Layer G, Steudel A, Schuller H, van Kaick G, Grunwald F, Reiser M, Schild HH (1999) Magnetic resonance imaging to detect bone marrow metastases in the initial staging of small cell lung carcinoma and breast carcinoma. Cancer 85:1004–1009
Maeda M, Sakuma H, Maier SE et al. (2003) Quantitative assessment of diffusion abnormalities in benign and malignant vertebral compression fractures by line scan diffusion-weighted imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 181:1203–1209
Mahnken AH, Wildberger JE, Adam J et al. (2005) Is there a need for contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI of the spine after inconspicuous short tau inversion recovery imaging? Eur radiol 15:1387–1392
Mehta RC, Marks MP, Hinks RS et al. (1995) MR evaluation of vertebral metastases: T1-weighted, short-inversion-time inversion recovery, fast spin echo, and inversion-recovery fast spin-echo sequences. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16:281–288
Meyer JS, Siegel MJ, Farooqui SO et al. (2005) Which MRI sequence of the spine best reveals bone-marrow metastases of neuroblastoma? Pediatr Radiol 35:778–785
Modic MT, Steinberg PM, Ross JS (1988) Degenerative disk disease: assessment of changes in vertebral bone marrow with MR imaging. Radiology 166:193–199
Modic MT, Masaryk TJ, Ross JS et al. (1988) Imaging of degenerative disk disease. Radiology 168:177–186
Montazel JL, Divine M, Lepage E (2003) Normal spinal bone marrow in adults: dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 229:703–709
Park SW, Lee JH, Ehara S, Park YB, Sung SO, Choi JA, Joo YE (2004) Single shot fast spin echo diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the spine; is it useful in differentiating malignant metastatic tumor infiltration from benign fracture edema? Clin Imaging 28:102–108
Schick U, Marquardt G, Lorenz R (2001) Intradural and extradural spinal metastases. Neurosurg Rev 24:1–5
Schiff D, O’Neill BP, Suman VJ (1997) Spinal epidural metastasis as the initial manifestation of malignancy: clinical features and diagnostic approach. Neurology 49:452–456
Spuentrup E, Buecker A, Adam G et al. (2001) Diffusion-weighted MR imaging for differentiation of benign fracture edema and tumor infiltration of the vertebral body. AJR Am J Roentgenol 176:351–358
Steinborn MM, Heuck AF, Tilling R et al. (1999) Whole body bone marrow MRI in patients with metastatic disease to the skeletal system. JCAT 23:123–129
Vanel D, Bittoun J, Tardivon A (1998) MRI of bone metastases. Eur Radiol 8: 1345–1351
Verstraete KL, De Deene Y, Roels H et al. (1994) Benign and malignant musculoskeletal lesions: dynamic contrast enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 192:835–843
Wismer GL, Rosen BR, Buxton R, Stark DD, Brady TJ (1985) Chemical shift imaging of bone marrow: preliminary experience. AJR Am J Roentgenol 145:1031–1037
Yuh WTC, Zachar CK, Barloon TJ et al. (1989) Vertebral compression fractures: distinction between benign and malignant causes with MR imaging. Radiology 172:215–218
Zajick DC, Morrison WB, Schweitzer ME et al. (2005) Benign and malignant processes: normal values and differentiation with chemical shift MR imaging in vertebral marrow. Radiology 237:590–596
Zampa V, Cosottini M, Michelassi C, Ortori S, Bruschini L, Bartolozzi C (2002) Value of opposed-phase gradientecho technique in distinguishing between benign and malignant vertebral lesions. Eur Radiol 12:1811–1818
Zhou XJ, Leeds NE, McKinnon GC et al. (2002) Characterization of benign and metastatic vertebral compression fractures with quantitative diffusion MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 23:165–170
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Andreula, C., Murrone, M., Algra, P.R. (2007). Metastatic Disease of the Spine. In: Van Goethem, J.W.M., van den Hauwe, L., Parizel, P.M. (eds) Spinal Imaging. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68483-1_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68483-1_19
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-21344-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-68483-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)