Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the principal chemical regulatory statutes in the United States. Federal laws are discussed, followed by material-specific laws and an analysis of their impact on silicones. Each section includes an overview of the statutory provisions, and covers key trends and indicators. The chapter concludes with a summary of global trends toward risk assessment and environmental accountability.
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Abbreviations
- CAA:
-
Clean Air Act
- CCC:
-
Chlorine Chemistry Council
- CERCLA:
-
Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act
- CMA:
-
Chemical Manufacturers’ Association
- CWA:
-
Clean Water Act
- EPA:
-
Environmental Protection Agency
- EPCRA:
-
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
- EU:
-
European Union
- FDA:
-
Food and Drug Administration
- FIFRA:
-
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
- ISO:
-
International Standards Organization
- ITC:
-
Interagency Testing Committee
- MHW:
-
Ministry of Health and Welfare
- MITI:
-
Ministry of International Trade and Industry
- MOU:
-
memorandum of understanding
- NAAQS:
-
national ambient air quality standard
- NOCM:
-
notice of commencement of manufacture NOEC no observable effects concentration
- NPDES:
-
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
- ODS:
-
ozone depleting substance
- OECD:
-
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
- OMCTS:
-
octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane
- OSHA:
-
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
- PCB:
-
polychlorinated biphenyl
- PMN:
-
premanufacture notice
- POP:
-
persistent organic pollutant
- PTB:
-
persistent, toxic, and bioaccumulative
- RCRA:
-
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
- SEHSC:
-
Silicones Environmental, Health and Safety Council of North America
- SIC:
-
standard industrial classification
- SIP:
-
state implementation plan
- SNAP:
-
Significant New Alternatives Policy
- SNUN:
-
significant new use notice
- SNUR:
-
significant new use regulation
- SRU:
-
structural repeating unit
- TRI:
-
toxic release inventory
- TSCA:
-
Toxic Substances Control Act
- TSD:
-
treatment, storage, and disposal
- VOC:
-
volatile organic compound
- VMS:
-
volatile methylsiloxane
- WWTP:
-
wastewater treatment plant
References
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq. (1976) PL94–469, major amendments (1986) PL99–419 and (1988) PL100–551
U.S. EPA (1989) Testing consent order of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, TSCA docket OPTS-42–71A. Fed Reg 54: 818
Silicones Environmental, Health and Safety Council: OMCTS Aquatic Fate/Effects Review for OMCTS RM-1 work group of the U.S. EPA (Sep 2, 1993 )
U.S. EPA Memorandum from O Hernandez to C Auer and J Contruvo: Section 4 RM1 Closure of OMCTS (Nov 4, 1994)
Thirtieth Report of the TSCA Interagency Testing Committee, U.S. EPA (July 1992)
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 7 U.S.C. 136 et seq. (1947) Ch 125, 61 stat 163, major amendments (1972) PL92–516 (1978) PL95–396 (1988) PL100–532 (1991) PL102–237
Clean Water Act 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq. (1948) Ch 758, 62 stat 1155, major amendments (1956) Ch 518, § 1,70 stat 498 (1972) PL92–500 (1977) PL95–217 (1987) PL100–4
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) 42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq. (1976) PL94–580 (as an amendment that completely revised the Solid Waste Disposal Act) amended (1984) PL98–616 (Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984)
Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) 42 U.S.C. 9601 et seq. (1980) PL96–510 (1986) PL99–499 (Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act) (SARA)
SARA Title III: Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA) 42 U.S.C. 11001–11050
Clean Air Act (CAA) 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq. (1970, 1977, 1990)
U.S. EPA 59 Fed Reg 102 (October 1994) 50693
U.S. EPA 59 Fed Reg 192 (March 1994) 13044
Chemical Regulations Reporter (1996) 1373
Wania F, Mackay D (1996) Environ Sci Technol 30: 390A
Chemical Manufacturers Association (1996) PTB policy implementation guidance
Chem Eng News (Nov 6, 1995) 16
Colborn T, Meyer JP, Dumanoski D (1996) Our stolen future, Fenton Communications, Washington, D.C.
Heinze J (1996) Chem Times and Trends, 42
Holtzman J (Mar 6, 1996) Chemical Manufacturers Association letter
Safe Drinking Water Act Amendment (1996) S-1316, 2nd session
OECD Observer (1994) OECD and developed countries jointly investigate risks, 12
EU Commission Regulations No. 1488/94, Article 5 and Annex III
Proposed Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment, U.S. EPA 61 Fed Reg (Sep 9, 1996) 47552 and 47555
Environment Risk Assessment Moves to the Force of Environmental Policy (Jul 13, 1995) Reuter
ISO 14001, EU Eco-Audit, British Standard 7750
ISO 14001, 4.4.2
U.S. EPA 60 Fed Reg (Dec 22, 1995 ) 66706
International Council of Chemical Associations (Aug 1995) ICCA position paper
Thirty-Seventh Report of the TSCA Interagency Testing Committee, U.S. EPA 61 Fed Reg (Nov 1995) 4188
Walker JD, Interagency Testing Committee (Jun 4, 1996) letter to W Smock, SEHSC
EPA Memorandum on its Product Stewardship Activities (June 24, 1996 ); Memorandum of Understanding between Dow Corning Corp and U.S. EPA (Apr 9, 1996 )
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© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Hatcher, J.A., Slater, G.S. (1997). Regulatory Status of Silicones in the United States. In: Chandra, G. (eds) Organosilicon Materials. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 3 / 3H. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68331-5_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68331-5_9
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