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Complicated Urinary Tract Infections due to Catheters

  • Chapter
The Role of Biofilms in Device-Related Infections

Part of the book series: Springer Series on Biofilms ((BIOFILMS,volume 3))

Abstract

Urinary catheters are indwelling medical devices used in both the nosocomial and nursing home settings for relief of urinary retention and incontinence. Due to the frequent- and sometimes unnecessary-use of indwelling catheters in these settings (circa 21–50% of patients), many individuals are placed at risk from sequelae associated with catheter placement. The most notable complication associated with indwelling urinary catheters is the development of nosocomial urinary tract infections (UTIs) known as catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs). Over one million CAUTI cases per annum are recorded in the United States; this represents greater than 40% of all nosocomial infections. Both the presence of the catheter itself and the nosocomial setting predispose individuals to CAUTIs. CAUTIS may be caused by a number of etiological agents; the most common of these being Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. Microorganisms isolated less commonly from CAUTIs include Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacter spp. Regardless of the genus, pathogens wishing to survive within the environment of the catheterized urinary tract must possess essential virulence factors including, most importantly, those related to adherence to the catheter itself. This chapter seeks to set out in detail the nature of these virulence factors.

These two authors contributed equally to this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland – Baltimore, Dental School, 650 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    G. A. O’May & S. M. Jacobsen

  2. Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3TL, UK

    D. J. Stickler

  3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA

    H. L. T. Mobley

  4. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland – Baltimore, 650 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    M. E. Shirtliff

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  1. G. A. O’May
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  2. S. M. Jacobsen
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  3. D. J. Stickler
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  4. H. L. T. Mobley
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  5. M. E. Shirtliff
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    Mark Shirtliff

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA

    Jeff G. Leid

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O’May, G.A., Jacobsen, S.M., Stickler, D.J., Mobley, H.L.T., Shirtliff, M.E. (2008). Complicated Urinary Tract Infections due to Catheters. In: Shirtliff, M., Leid, J.G. (eds) The Role of Biofilms in Device-Related Infections. Springer Series on Biofilms, vol 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68119-9_6

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